CRAKE. 



CKANGONID.I. 



IM 



For a further 

 the other 

 CRAKE. 



of the Cra*; Formation, and it* reUtion to 

 of UM Tertiary Seriee, see 



TTU*T STMATA. 



CRAKBK/a rentu'of Plant. belonging to UM natural order 

 wr.*. H belong. U> UM eul*der l*maat** and I the tribe 

 It he* aTjofated *flide, upper joint gfcboee, with 1 seed 

 a long carved siiil stslt springing from the bottom of 

 lower jomt barren. (talk-like. 

 ifia*. UM Ho Kill, or Sea-Kale, U a gUucous spreading 



long carved 



cell; lower jomt barren. (talk-like. 



C naiifia*. UM Ho Kill, or Sea- 



Art. with broad-toothed sinnated leave*, and denes corymbs of Urge 

 Site flower*. found occasionally on the sea-coast of England and 

 BOW oMUDoalT cultivated in garden* for tho Bake of iU delicate 

 tender sbooU. Naturally the flavour of the plant in strong, cabbage- 

 like, and highly disagremble, but in the *tato in which it i* sent to 

 UM kitchen, it U merely a oolourieai ma* of delicate fleshy vege- 

 table I ban, with little or no flavour. ThU arises fmm the shoot* 

 ^w- are to be cooked being grown in darkness, and with a little more 

 speed M*" "rrn m> For this purpose a garden-pot U inverted over the 

 crown of an old sea kail stock, in the winter before the leaves sprout. 

 Over the pot u thrown a little litter, or some decaying leaves, or 

 DOM old tan, so as to increase the temperature of the earth, and to 

 exclude light ; after a week or two the pot is examined from time 

 to tine, and when sprout* five or six inches long have been pro- 

 duced, they are cut off, and are fit for table. 



Sea-Kail love* a light candy soil, well drained in winter and richly 

 manured. It will continue to bear cutting for twenty yean together 

 without suffering much ; and is one of the most simple and useful 

 of all culinary plant* for a small garden. It is generally grown in 

 row* eighteen inche* or two feet apart 



CRA1IBCS, a genus of Moths (Ltpidoptcra noctuma) of the family 

 TSnrirfar (Brrnhmf ) The type of this genus is the Phalama PatcveUa 

 ' 



In mi ssing dry meadows during the summer time, we observe 

 numerous little moths fly from the grass at every step we take ; 

 they soon settle again, and are then not easily detected, owing to 

 their mode of folding their wings, which when shut almost incloee 

 their aleader bodie*, and partly surround the blade of grass on which 

 they rest ; their form U then long and narrow, pointed at the head, 

 and somewhat truncated at the opposite extremity. Their colouring 

 i* often brown and white, disposed on the upper wings principally in 

 longitudinal linen. Very frequently however we find them adorned 

 with beautiful metallic colour*, generally of silvery or golden hues. 

 are the insects which constitute the genus Crambtu, and of 

 about 40 species in this country. The characters 



of this genii* are : Probosci* distinct ; wings convoluted round the 

 when at rest ; superior wings narrow ; palpi long, the inferior 



; head furnished with short closely-applied scales. 

 When the wings are expanded, these moths commonly measure 

 about an inch in width ; they are called in England the Veneers, and 

 sometime* Gram-Moth*. 



\XHKKHY. [OxTcoccus.] 

 CRANEFLY. [TIPUUDA] 

 CRANKS. [ORt'iDjt] 



\\E-S.Bll.U [Ouuiiim.] 



CRAN<X>NII>., a family of Cnularta brlunginn to the division 

 Dttmfti* Maenmra. The type of this family in the Common Shrimp 

 (Crango* mlgarii), and no other genera are included in it It has the 

 following character* : 



Internal antenna) inserted on the same line a* the external antenna; ; 

 flrst pair of feet terminated by a subcheliform hand. Although there 

 an a Urge number of Cnutaeea which are vulgarly called Shrimps 

 which resemble in general form the Common Shrimp, the Crangonida: 

 - too much from all these to be comprised in the natural tribes 

 * by them. It corresponds to the genus Cranyon of Fabric! us, 

 in the opinion of M. Milne- Edwards, has been unnecessarily 

 subdivided by Dr. Leach and M. Risso into tho Crangons, properly 



ao called, Egeons, and Pontovkili. 



Crmmgo* oom prise* those shrimp* wh 

 by a mooodactylous and lubcheliform 



vhose anterior foot are terminated 



i hand. 



Gampao* much more depressed than in tho other xlirimps, and 

 [Milting anteriorly only the rudiment of a rostrum. Eye* short, 

 large, and free. Antenna inserted nearly on the same transversal 

 liae; the Ant pair dilated at their base, at the external side of which 

 is a rather large scale ; their peduncle is short, and they are termi- 

 nated by two multi-articulate filaments. The external antenna: are 

 inserted outwardly and a little below the preceding, and they offer 

 nothing remarkable. The mandibles are slender, and without any palp. 

 The external jaw-feet, which are pediform and of moderate length, 

 terminate by a flattened and obtuM point ; within, they carry a short 

 palp, terminated by a small flagrifonn appendage directed inwards. 

 The ternum is very wide backward*. The first pair of feet are 

 strong, and terminate in a flattened hand, on the anterior edge of 

 which a moveabU claw i* bent back : the internal ancle of this hand, 

 w%i*h correspond* to the point of the claw, i* armed with a tooth 

 reprsswiUn*; an immoveable rudimentary finger. The two succeeding 

 pairs of fort an extremely slender; UM second terminate generally in 

 a very small didactylous cUw ; and ths third an monodactylous 

 like those of UM fourth and fifth pain; but thee* four posterior feet 



am much stronger. The abdomen is very large, but present* nothing 

 remarkable in it* conformation. The branchial are only seven in 

 number on each aide of the thorax. (Milne- Edwards.) 



DetaiU of Crangoit. a. Mandible. 



The genus is divided by M. Milne-Edwards into the following 

 sections : 



1. Species having the second pair of feet nearly as long as the 

 third pair. 



In this section are comprised C. rulyarii, C.fatciatiu, and C. Sorea*. 



2. Species with the second pair of feet much longer than the third. 

 Example, C. leptemcariaalm. 



C. vulgarit, the Common Shrimp. Carapace and abdomen almost 

 entirely smooth, with the exception of one small median spine on 

 the stomachal region, and one lateral above each branchial region. 

 Terminal filaments of the internal antenna: more than twice as long 

 as their peduncle. Lamellar appendage of the external antenna: large 

 and elongated (about twice as long as the peduncle of the internal 

 antennffi). Last joint of the external jaw-feet long and narrow. 

 Two last pairs of feet of moderate size. A strong spine inserted on 

 the sternum between the second pair of feet, and directed forwards. 

 Abdomen smooth, and without any keel. Median blade of the caudal 

 tin pointed, and without a furrow above. Length rather more than 

 two inches. Colour greenish-gray, dotted with brown. 



Common Shrimp (Crangon rulgnrit). a, anterior foot or claw. 



It is common on the coasts of England ami Fruiic<>. , 

 It U the Crevette of the French, and Shrimp of our market*, nn.l 

 is one of the most delicious (Pennant thinks the most delicious) of 

 the macruroiu crustaceans. 



The shoals of these creatures which frequent our coast give empl< >y- 

 inent to a great number of persons, who are engaged in catching 

 them. They are abundant at the mouth of the Thames, from whence 

 the London market is principally supplied. They are caught by a 

 Urge open net, which U attached to a lung stick and pushed through 

 the water. They are most plentiful on sandy shores. They are iued 

 also for bait 



