i-YPRixrs. 



(YsTlXOIA. 



kept for year* in small glass vessels if care be taken to change the 

 water even day in the summer, and twice or three times a week in 

 the winUr. Even this is not necessary if they are kept in vessels in 

 which wnter-planU are permitted to grow, and a few fresh-water 

 snails are added. In this way most of oar fresh-water fish can be 

 reared and treated, as pet* in the drawing-room. (AQOAVIVARIUM.) 



C. Mnusisu. the Crucian or German Carp. This species was for- 

 merly confounded with C. yibtlio. The following U Mr. Tamil's 

 description : " The length of the head U to the depth of the body as 

 1 to S- and to the whole length of head, body, 1 tail as 1 to 5 ; the 

 depth of the body compared to the whole length as 2 to 5 ; the Uil 



and each cell has its placenta doubled back from the axis so as to 

 form two plates at right angles with the dissepiment. It'""!** 

 inhabit the East Indies chiefly, a few only being met with in otter 

 warm part, of the world. They are all beautiful in *.>"* 



they arerf no known ie. In hi. ' Vegetable Kingdom/ Dr. Lu.dl.-y 

 includes these plants in the order Ganeraeete. [QE8HERACM.J 



, --^ 



sHllinr" *V UW IfH"- 



jo* fish is much more rare than the Prussian Carp. Mr. Yarrell 

 ays he has never seen this fish except " from the Thames between 

 Hammersmith and Windsor, where it attains considerable size, 

 sometimes weighing a pound and a half; in one instance a specimen 

 brought me in October 1829 weighed 21bs. lion. Of ite habite 

 little is known." 



In addition to the above species of Cyprinui, the following British 

 fish belong to this family : 



Barbui rulgarii, Cuvier (Cyprinui rulgarii, Linn.), the Barbel. 

 [BARBEL.] 



GMo jturiatUit, Cuvier (Cyprinui Gobio, Linn.), the Gudgeon. 



[GOBIO.] 



Tinea Tulgarii, Cnvier (Cyprinui Tinea, Bloch.), the Tench. 



[TlXCA.1 



Abramii brama, Cuvier (Cyprinui brama, Bloch.), the Bream, or 

 ( .- i > . 



A. blicca, CUT. (Cyprinui blieca, Bloch.), the White Bream or Bream- 

 Flat. 



A. BuaaAagyii, Thompson (Cyprinui Buggcnhaggii, Bloch.), the 

 Large-Scaled or Pomeranian Bream. [BREAM.] 



Ltudicu* Idui, Cuvier (Cyprinui Idui, Linn.), the Ide. 



L. rutilut, Cuvier (Cyprinui rulilvi, Linn.), the Roach. 



L. rulgarii, Cuvier (Vyprinut ItuciKUt, Linn.), the Dace, Dare, or 



L. Lameaitrieniii, Yarrell (Cyprinui LancaHrienni, Shaw), the 



L. ctfkalui, Fleming (Cyprinui ctphalut, Linn.), the Chub or Skelly. 



L. tryotJkropUialmui, Cuvier (Cyprinui cryothroptkalmut, Linn.), the 

 Bed-Eye, or Rudd. 



L. earuleui, YamD, the Axurine, or Blue Roach. 



L. alburnui, Cuvier (Cyprinui alburnui, Linn.), the Bleak or Bhck. 



L. jJtofinui, Cuvier (Cyprinui phojnnut, Linn.), the Minnow, Minim, 

 or Birk. [Licences.] 



Cobili* barbalula, Linn., the Loach, Loche, or Beardie. 



C. Ionia, Linn., the Spined Loach, or Groundling. [CoBms.] 



CYl'lMXl's. rcirRiMDJE.] 



i V I'KII'E'DIUM, a geuus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Orckidacm, and the tribe Cypripediat. It has a patent perianth ; a 

 ventricose inflated lip ; column trifid above ; the lateral lobes bearing 

 stamens, the middle lobe sterile, dilated ; the two lower sepals com- 

 bined ; the germen straight. 



C. talctolui, Lady's Slipper, has a leafy stem ; the middle lobe of 

 the column nearly ovate, obtuse, deflexed ; the lip slightly compressed, 

 shorter than the calyx. This plant has been found in Great Britain, 

 bat is extremely rare. 



All the species are exceedingly elegant plants. They are mostly 

 inhabitants of North America and Northern India. Two new species 

 have been lately introduced. In their cultivation they require great 

 care. They will only thrive in a shady border in peat soil. The 

 American species should be covered with some dry straw in very 

 severe frosts, or if there should be too much wet ; they are not easily 

 increased, but will perfect seeds in favourable situations, particularly 

 if pains be taken to apply the pollen to the stigma. 



iigton, Manual ; London, Encyclopaedia of Planti.) 



is. [BRASCWOI-ODA.) 



CYI-SKLAS. [HlRU*DIXII>Jk] 



CYltKXA. [VrxERio*.] 



V/ 1 ivr..^/\. I v r.itbniuA.j 



CYRILI.ACE.*, CynUadi, a natural order of Exogenous Plants. 

 The order oonsisU of shrubs with evergreen simple leaves without 

 stipules. The flowers usually in racemes. The calyx 4-5-partod. It has 

 6 distinct petals, with an imbricated aestivation. The ovary is 

 2-3-4-celled, always composed of some number of carpels different 

 from that of the calyx, corolla, and stamens; solitary pendulous ovules, 

 a short style, the stigma with as many lobes as there are cells of the 

 ovary. Ths fruit u a succulent capsule or a drupe ; the seeds 

 inverted ; the embryo in the axis of a very large quantity of albumen, 

 with a very long superior radicle. This order is related to (Macacta 

 and fiUofparaeeec. All the species are inhabitants of North America. 

 Nothing has been recorded of any uses to which they are applied. 



i ^ ICTANUKATE.AS,a small natural order of irregular-flowered 

 Monoprtalo.il. Exogens, allied to Bignoniacta and Oeineracetr. They 

 are herbaceous plants, and in many cases stemless, with no tendency 

 to twine; sometimes they are parasitical ; their calyx, corolla, and 

 Unwns are those of Bignoniacta ; but their fruit is a long M. -n-l-r 

 pod, ormUining a multitude of seeds, that are often terminated by 

 long delicate Uils, and are destitute of albumen. The pod is 2-celled, 



Strcptocarpui Rrrii. 

 1, a section across the rip pod, showing the double placenta-. 

 CYRTO'CERAS, a genus of Fossil Cephalopoda belonging to the 

 family Ammmiiidtr, proposed by Goldfuss. It occurs in the Pal;, 

 Strata of Devon, the Eifel, and Ireland principally, and includes nmny 

 species of great beauty and interest. JThe septa are pierced by a 

 Bubdorsal siphon ; the last whorl finishes in a straight extension. 



I'al,, 'Fou. of Devon.') 



i \ STI'XOIA, a genus of Tunicated Ascidian Molluica, established 

 by Mr. W. S. MT^eay, who observes that it comes nearer to < 

 than to any other hitherto described; and that they may prove 

 eventually to be only two sub-genera, of which we want the inter- 

 vening links to enable us to form an accurate notion of the genus to 

 which they belong. It has the following characters : Body with a 

 subcoriaceous test, affixed by the summit to a very short pedicle, 

 which is in the same line with the two orifices. The branchial orifice 

 quiutrifid and lateral, the anal irregular and terminal ; both being so 

 little prominent as not to alter the form of the body. Branchial 

 pouch membranaceous, indistinctly reticulated, and divided into 

 longitudinal folds. The tcntaculft of the branchial orifice composite. 

 Intestinal canal lateral. Stomach very large, extending almost the 

 whole length of the body. Ovaries two, composed of globular ova 

 disposed in free racemes on each side of the body, with the branchial 

 pouch and stomach between them. (W. S. M'Leay.) 



C. Griffitlurii has the envelope semipellucid, yellowish. Mantle very 

 thin, and provided near the branchial and anal orifices with a reticu- 

 lation of circular muscles nearly at right angles to each other. Ten- 

 tacula about 10 or 12, compressed and laminated like those of the 

 genus Sollmia. Branchial pouch having its net-work exceedingly lax, 

 meshes irregular and indistinct, but api>arently simi'lf. tl- m-rvures 

 being nearly of the same size. The longitudinal folds of the brancliiic, 

 or rather (owing to the singular position of them in this genus) tlirir 

 transverse folds, about 14 or 15 in number. Length of tho body, half 

 an inch. (W. S. M'Leay.) Locality, Winter Island. 



Cyilinyia Griffilhiii. 



\, nstnral lr.c, wn on the right ide ; 5, magnified, n on the left side 

 o, anal orifice ; b, branchial orifice ; , grlni of nd externally encruitlng the 

 thick end of the pedicle. 



Mr. M'Leay, who has named the species after William > 

 Griffiths, Esq., who found only one specimen during the third vy.-ige 



