CTTUTOB 



DACNIS. 



rnu* Hydmoru, Cape of Good Hop*, which look, like a great 

 the Lrctfvdt* Apodrnllxu. a minute parasite upon the 

 two other lex known 



I Of teMt, and 



.. . n 



fyfiMiu Ilyporiita. 



1, t male Bower ; 1, eetlon of the Mine, very much magnified ; , a female 

 Bower ; 4, a *rction of the Int. 



C'YTISl'S, a genii* of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 lymmiiumr It has a bilabiate calyx, the upper lip generally entire, 

 the lower somewhat 3-toothed. The vexillum ovate and broad ; the 

 carina very obtuse, including the stamens, which are monadelphoua. 

 The legume ia piano-compressed, many-seeded, not glandular. The 

 species an imall trees or shrubs, with ternate leaves and yellow- 

 purple white flowers. 



C. Laltmnnm, Common Laburnum, U a native of the mountains of 

 Saroy and Switzerland. It ia a small green branched tree. The 

 young shoot* are downy ; the leaves on long stalks, leaflets rather 

 glaucous, ternate, nearly sessile, oval, mucronulate, a little downy on 

 the nnder side, the terminal one larger than the others ; the petioles 

 and subulate stipules downy. The raceme* are pendulous, about 

 8 indie* long, terminal, many flowered, frequent, and downy. The 

 calyx campanulate, oblique, pushed inwards at the base, downy. 

 The corolla large, and of a bnght yellow colour. The legumes are 

 downy, lineal, flat, thickened at each suture, rather contracted between 

 the seeds. The seeds are oblong, compressed, shining, smooth, and 

 of a deep greenish-black. They are highly poisonous, possessing 

 narcotic acrid properties. The seeds of this plant are frequently 

 own in plantations infested with hares and rabbits, who will touch 

 no other tree as long a* a twig of Laburnum remains. Though eaten 



to the ground every Mason it rises again in the spring, thus affording 

 a constant supply to these animals, so as to save other trees from 

 their attacks. 



C. Alpinut, Alpine Laburnum, has terete branches, petiolate leaves, 

 ovate lanceolate leaflet*, rounded at the base ; pendulous reoemes ; 

 pulveruloua pedicels and calyces; glabrous few-seeded marginate 

 legumes. It is a native of Carinthia, in groves. It is nearly allied 

 to the ZoowMtm, but is distinct. The wood of both specie* U 

 used by cabinet-makers on account of it* hardness, durability, and 

 beauty. 



<7. #copan'ia, Common Broom, is a large bushy shrub, with copious 

 long, straight, angular, dark-green, smooth, tough branches. The 

 leave* are deciduous, scattered, stalked, ternate, the upper one* 

 generally simple, the leaflets uniform, obovate, obtuse, and entire ; 

 silky wjjen young. The flowers are axillary, solitary or in pairs, on 

 simple stalks, longer than the leaves, large and handsome, of a deep 

 golden yellow, sometimes tinged with orange. The swelling ovary soon 

 split* the tube of the filaments. The legume is brown, flat, above an 

 inch long, nearly smooth at the sides, but fringed with harsh hairs at 

 each margin. The Cytittu of Virgil was the Mtditago arborra of 

 botanists. For the medical properties of this plant see SCOPARIOS, in 

 ARTS AND So. Div. 



CYTOBLAST. In the development of the tissues of plants from 

 the blastema, or cyto-blastema, which is a fluid consisting of water 

 holding in solution sugar, gum, dextrine, &c., some of the granules 

 assume a definite form, and become darker than the surrounding 

 granules. These dark spots may be seen in the fluids of the growing 

 parts of all plants. They are composed of some form of protein, and 

 it is to these that Schleiden has given the name of Cytoblasts. The 

 Cytoblast produces from its surface a cell : when the cell has become 

 fully grown other Cytoblasts are produced in its interior, which, by 

 producing other cells, burst the parent cell and increase the substance 

 of the part in which they are found. A growing point of the same 

 nature has been observed in the tissues of the animal kingdom, and 

 it haa been thus demonstrated that in the original growth of their 

 tissues there is an identity between the animal and vegetable king- 

 doms. Although, when first made known by Schleiden, the Cytoblast 

 was supposed necessary to the formation of every cell (and this led to 

 the observation by Schwann of its extensive presence in the animal 

 kingdom), it has since been pointed out by Mohl and others that the 

 great mass of cells originates in the division of a protoplastic matter, 

 which is not found in the form of a nucleus, but of a vesicle lining 

 the interior of the cell. This substance haa been called by Mohl the 

 ' primordial utricle.' It is composed of the same material, and per- 

 forms the same functions, as those attributed by Schleiden to the 

 Cytoblast. Mr. Huxley proposes to call the proteinaceous formative 

 matter originating each cell, under whatever form it occurs, the 

 Kndoplast. Thus the terms nucleus, protoplasm, primordial utricle, 

 and endoplast may be regarded as synonyms of Cytoblast. [CKLLS; 

 TISSUES, VEGETABLE ; TISSUES, ANIMAL ; HISTOLOGY.] 



CYTTARIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Fungi. One of the species, C. Dartoinii, grows on the livim? branches 

 of the South American beeches, and is described by Mr. Berkeley in 

 the ' Transactions of the Linuioan Society.' It forms a principal part 

 of the food of the natives of Tierra del Fuego during many mouths of 

 the year. 



I \AR [PLattnU 

 L'DABCHICK. [Comoro*.] 



DABfKCI A (from St Dabeoc), genus of Plant* belonging to the 

 natural order Eritatta. It ha* a 4-parted calyx ; the corolla oval, 

 Yentricoae, the limb 4-toothed ; 8 stamens inclosed, the filament* 

 dilated, glabrous ; the anther linear, sagittate at the base, the cells 

 of the anthers parallel, loosened at the apex, dehiscing lengthwise ; 

 the stigma simple, truncate; the capsule 4-oelled with a aepticidal 

 dehiseraop. There is but one species, the I), polyfolia, which is a 

 dwarf bushy evergreen shrub, a native of Ireland and the Pyrenees. 

 This plant is the Andromeda ftobftfia of Linntous, the A'rica ho/xrcia 

 at Smith, the Htnaeria Duktcio of De Condolle, and the Henztttia 

 folyfolia of Juiwicu. In Ireland, which is it* only locality in the 

 British Islands, it i* called Iri.h WfaorU. Cantabrian Heath, and St. 

 Dabeoc'n Heath. It is a pretty shrub, and well fitted for decorating 

 the front* of brubberies, or for rockwork. It may be propagated by 

 dividing the whole plant, or by cuttings, or by layers. (Don, Edin- 

 Imryk flkwcVMsMMl Journal, vol xvii.) 



DACE. [Licences.] 



i'\' Kl.o. [Kisoruwam] 



DACNIS, Cuvier** name for a genus of Birds (the Pit-Pit* of 

 BuBbn) which, he observe*, represent the Carouges (Xanthornui) in 

 miniature by their conical and sharp bill D. Cayana is of a cerulean 

 blue ; forehead, shoulders, wings, and tail, black. It is a native of 



Thl* pretty little bird i* the Elotototl of the Mexican*. Hernandez 



says that it lives about the trees of the Tetzcocan Mountains ; that it 

 is eatable ; that it does not sing, and that therefore it is not kept in 

 the house* of the inhabitant*. 



FH-rit (DfJttii* 



