303 



PROSERACE^E. 



DRYOBALANOPS. 



D. lunata has viscid leaves with glandular fringes, which close upon 

 flies and other insects that happen to alight upon them.' It is pro- 

 bable that it would yield a valuable dye. It is also believed that some 

 of the species of Drotera found near Swan River, in Western Australia, 

 might be turned to account in that way, for every part of D. gigantea, 

 stains paper of a beautiful purple colour ; and when fragments are 

 treated with ammonia they yield a clear yellow. 



Two other species, D. longifolia and D. Anglica, are natives of Great 

 Britain. The first ia a common bog-plant, but the latter is only 

 common in the British Islands in Ireland. About 40 species of this 

 genus have been described. They have been found in boggy places 

 in all parts of the world, except in the extremes of heat and cold. 

 They are all singularly beautiful and worthy of cultivation. They 

 thrive best in small pots, which should be three-parts filled with peat- 

 earth, and Sphagnum should be planted on it; the Droseras should 

 be planted in the moss, and the pots placed in pans of water. The 

 Australian and Cape of Good Hope species will require the stove. 

 They may be propagated by seeds, but foreign plants should be 

 brought over in cases, for which purpose those of Mr. Ward are 

 admirably adapted. 



Don, IHcklamydeotu Plants ; Loudon, Encyclopedia of Plants.) 



DROSERA'CE.<E, Sun-Dews, a natural order of Albuminous Exoge- 

 nous Plants, consisting of marsh herbs whose leaves are usually covered 

 with glands or glandular hairs, and whose flowers are arranged in 

 circinate racemes. The calyx consists of 5 sepals : there are 5 petals ; 

 5 or 10 hypogynous stamens ; a 1-celled many-seeded capsular fruit ; 

 and minute seeds, having an embryo lying at the base of a large 

 quantity of albumen. There are many species of the genus I>roera, 

 called in England Sun-Dews, more remarkable for the singular struc- 

 ture of their glandular hairiness than for the beauty of their flowers. 

 A few other little known genera are associated with it ; and it is 

 probable that LHoncea [DION.A], whose singular irritable leaves have 

 much analogy with those of Drosera, also forms a part of the order, 

 notwithstanding its indehiscent fruit and erect vernation. 



De Candolle having inexactly described the embryo as lying in the 



axis of the albumen, the true affinities of the order were overlooked ; 



they have since however been more correctly determined to be with 



'otacca and Francoacea rather than with Violacett, Polygalactae, 



or Franleniaeea. 



Round-Leaved Sun-Dew (Drotfra rotundifolia}. 



1, a complete flower magnified; 2, a ripe capsule magnified the needs are 



Keen between the ralves of the capsule ; 3, a >eed very much magnified the 



dark space in the middle is the nucleus, the remainder is a loose integnment 



that invests the seed ; 4, a section of the nucleus still more magnified here the 



dicotyledonous embryo i seen at the base of the albnmcn. 



DRUPA'CEvE, the name given by some botanists to that division 

 n! Rosaceous Plants which comprehends the Peach, the Cherry, the 

 Plum, and similar fruitbearing trees. They are more generally called 



litlerr. [AMTGDALE.fi.] 



DKUPE, a cloe 1-celled, 1- or 2-peeded seed-vessel, whose shell is 

 composed of three layers ; the outer membranous or leathery, the 



inner hard and bony, the intermediate succulent or fibrous. A peach, 

 a cherry, a mango, are all fruits of this description. A cocoa-nut is a 

 Compound Drupe, being composed of three consolidated carpels, two of 

 which are abortive ; and a date is a Spurious Drupe, the hard inner 

 shell being represented by a membrane. In theory the stone or inner 

 bony layer of the shell is equivalent to the upper side of a carpellary 

 leaf, the external membrane to the lower surface, and the interme- 

 diate pulp or fibre to the parenchyma. 



DRYANDRA, a genus of Australian Shrubs belonging to the natural 

 order Proteacew, with hard dry evergreen serrated leaves, and compact 

 cylindrical clusters of yellow flowers, seated upon a flat receptacle, 

 and surrounded by a common imbricated involucre. It is in the latter 

 respect that the genus principally differs from Banksia. The species 

 are much esteemed by cultivators for their beautiful evergreen leaves. 

 They are commonly regarded as greenhouse plants, but will in several 

 cases survive an English winter without injury, if protected by a glass 

 roof in winter, and planted among rock-work high above the damp- 

 ness of the level of the soil. 



DRYAS, a genus of Plants belonging the natural order Rosacece, 

 and to the tribe Dryadetp. It has the calyx 8-9-cleft, in one row ; 

 8-9 petals ; numerous stamens ; the fruit composed of numerous 

 small nuts, tipped with the persistent hairy styles, which are straight 

 at the extremity, and aggregated on a dry receptacle ; the seeds 

 ascending. The species are herbs or under-shrubs, with the stipiiles 

 adnate to the sides of the petioles. 



D. octopetala has crenate-serrate obtuse leaves ; the sepals three or 

 four times as long as broad, more or less pointed ; the base of the 

 calyx hemispherical. The plant has white flowers, with a woody 

 prostrate stem and simple leaves with a woolly pubescence beneath. 

 It is a native of alpine districts of Europe, and is found in the moun- 

 tains of Scotland and Ireland, and in Yorkshire in England. 



D. depretsa has crenate-serrate obtuse leaves, the sepals twice as 

 long as broad, and blunted and rounded at the end, the base of the 

 calyx truncate and nearly flat. This species has only been found 

 at Ben Bulben, in Sligo, and has been described by Babington in 

 the ' Annals of Natural History." Three other species have been 

 described, one a native of Greenland, and two natives of North 

 America; They are all evergreen prostrate plants. When cultivated 

 they thrive best in a bonier of peat soil. They may be propagated 

 by dividing the roots, or by seeds. They may be also planted in pots 

 as other alpine plants. 



(Babington, Manual of British Botany; Don, D-iMamydeous Plant*. 



DRYOBA'LANOPS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural 

 order IHpteracea, established by the younger Gartner from speci- 

 mens of the fruit found in the Banksiau collection, supposed by him 

 to belong to the tree which yielded the best cinnamon ; but Mr. Cole- 

 brook, from specimens sent to Dr. Roxburgh, which in the absence of 

 the latter he received, ascertained that the fruit belonged to the 

 Camphor-Tree of Sumatra, which he accordingly named Dryobalanops 

 camphora, " until its identity with D. aromatica (of Gfertner) be 

 established." (' Asiat. Researches,' xii.) Dr. Roxburgh had, in his 

 manuscript ' Flora Indica,' already named it Shorea camphorifera. 

 Some botanists are of opinion that the genus is not sufficiently 

 distinguished from Dipterocarpus ; but Blume, the latest author, and 

 one who has had the fullest opportunity of examining the subject, 

 has, in the article on Dipterocarpea in his ' Flora Javae,' given it as 

 his opinion that Dryobalanops should be kept distinct ; as, like Shorea, 

 it has all five instead of only two of its sepals prolonged into long 

 foliaceous wings, white its cotyledons are unequal and rumpled. 



According to Blume the existence of this camphor-yielding tree 

 was first indicated by Grimm in ' Ephem. Nat. Cur.' Ksempfer was 

 so well acquainted with its distinctness that in describing the Cam- 

 phor-Tree of Japan (Laurua camphora) he says, "that natural camphor 

 of crystal-like appearance, which is scarce and of great value, is fur- 

 nished by a tree of Borneo and Sumatra, which is not of the Laurel 

 genus." The first notice of the tree is in the 4th volume of the 

 ' Asiatic Researches,' where we learn that a tree named Tappauooly 

 on the west coast of Sumatra yielded above three pounds of camphor, 

 and at the same time nearly two gallons of camphor-oil ; that the 

 tree resembles the bay in leaves, is fond of a rich red loam tending to 

 a blackish clay, and that it grows principally on the north-west coast 

 of Sumatra, from the Line to 3 N. lat. The fullest account is given 

 by Mr. Prince, resident of Tappanooly, who describes the tree as 

 growing spontaneously in the forests, and as being found in abundance 

 from the back of Ayer Bongey as far north as Bacongan, a distance of 

 250 miles : he says that it may be classed among the tallest and 

 largest trees that grow on this coast, several within daily view 

 measuring 6 or 7 feet in diameter ; but it will produce camphor when 

 only 24 feet in diameter. The same tree which yields the oil would 

 produce camphor if unmolested, the oil being supposed to be the 

 first state of the secretion, which ultimately changes into concrete 

 camphor, as it occupies the same cavities in the trunk which the 

 camphor afterwards fills; consequently it is found in young treec. 

 The produce of camphor of a middling-sized tree is about eleven 

 pounds, and of a large oue double that quantity. ('Fl. Ind.' ii., 

 p. 816.) This kind of camphor is very highly esteemed by the 

 Chinese. It is commonly called Malay Camphor, or Camphor of 

 Barus, from the port of Sumatra, whence it is mostly shipped. Its 



