629 



ENCRINITES 



ENCRINITES. 



630 



partially touch each other. Stem articulated, round, and withou 

 accessory rays. Mouth central in the midst of five scales, which are 

 foliaceous and bordered by a row of tentacular cirrhi ; a large tubular 

 orifice a little behind the mouth. 



P. Eur<yp<gui, Pentacrinus Europeans, Thompson. It is now gene 

 rally admitted that the observations of Mr. J. V. Thompson have 

 proved that this animal is but the young of Comatula. If no other 

 species of Phytocrima be found, this genus must be cancelled. 



Poteriocrinites. A crinoidal animal, with a round column, composec 

 of numerous thin joints, having in their centre a round alimentary 

 canal, and articulating by surfaces striated in radii. Round auxiliary 

 side-arms proceeding at irregular distances from the column. Pelvii 

 formed of five pentagonal plate-like joints, supporting five hexagona 

 intercostal plate-like joints, and five plate-like scapula;, having on one 

 of the intercostals an interacapulary plate interposed. An arm pro- 

 ceeding from each of the scapula. Base probably fascicular, anc 

 permanently adhering. (Miller.) 



The author of this generic character says, " It is with considerable 

 hesitation that I describe these five plates as belonging to the pelvis ; 

 the analogy of their lower articulating surfaces seems perhaps rather 

 to indicate their belonging to the first costal series. I have never yel 

 had an opportunity of seeing the connection of these plates with the 

 first column or joint fairly developed, and it seems possible that the 

 true pelvis may be small and almost concealed. This doubt will be 

 done away by the acquisition of more instructive specimens, and my 

 thus stating the case must be considered as resulting from an anxious 

 desire to check errors. It is not unlikely that the real joints forming 

 the pelvis are so much abbreviated as not to be visible externally. 

 Every one acquainted with fossils must be aware how difficult it is 

 to trace always organic details in them correctly, and how many 

 specimens are sometimes necessary to ascertain a single fact." 



De Blainville observes that this genus does not appear to differ 

 from Apiocrinitee, excepting inasmuch as that the stem is not enlarged 

 at its superior part, and that the basilary pieces of the rays are legs 

 approximated, and without doubt less immoveable. The details given 

 by Mr. Miller point out a form differing strongly from that of Apia- 

 crinittt, and if his data be admitted there can be little doubt of the 

 generic difference which he records. 



P. tenitii, Thin, Vase-like, Lily-shaped Animal A crinoidal animal, 

 with a column formed of numerous round thin joints, surface of arti- 

 culation radiating and striated. The plate-like joints forming the 

 cup-like body, articulating by minute striae. One arm proceeding from 

 each scapula, supporting two fingers. It is found in the Mountain 

 Limestone of the Mendip Hills and in the Black Rock, the 14th bed 

 of Dr. Bright' s series (' Geol. Trans.,' vol. iv. p. 193), near the river 

 Avon, Bristol, belonging to the same formation. (Miller.) 



The other species recorded by Miller is Poteriocrinite* crattia, from 

 the Mountain Limestone in Yorkshire, and the Mountain Limestone 

 at Bristol, near the river Avon, bed 1 and 14 of Dr. Bright's paper in 

 ' Trans, of Geol. Soc.,' voL iv. p. 193, and in the Magnesian beds of the 

 Mountain Limestone, Clevedon Bay, Somersetshire. Miller further 

 states that the specimen mentioned hi Dr. Woodward's ' Catalogue of 

 Foreign Fossils' (page 19, 8. 1.) as coming from Syria, is of this species, 

 and that he (Miller) is indebted to the Rev. A. Sedgwick, Woodwardinn 

 Professor, Cambridge, for ascertaining this fact, he having kindly 

 furnished Mr. Miller with a drawing made from the original, now in 

 Dr. Woodward's collection, and under his care. 



Platymnita. A crinoidal animal, with an elliptic or (in one species) 

 pentagonal column, formed of numerous joints, having a few side-arms 

 at irregular distances. Pelvis saucer-shaped, formed of three unequal 

 pieces, from which five large plate-like scapula; proceed. Base pro- 

 vided with numerous fibres for attachment. Miller, who thus charac- 

 terises the genus, observes that the want of costae supplied by the 

 large plate-like scapulae gives the superior part of these animals a 

 pentagonal appearance, and furnishes so conspicuous a character that 

 they are readily distinguished from all other genera. 



P. knit. Smooth, Broad-Plated, Lily-shaped Animal. A crinoidal 

 animal, with a column formed of very muscular elliptical joints ad- 

 hering by a transverse ridge. Round side-arms occasionally proceed- 

 ing from the column, whose joints adhere by radiated surfaces. Pelvis 

 saucer shaped, with the five scapulas adhering to it, from each of which 

 an arm proceeds supporting two hands, having each two fingers. 

 Pelvis and scapulae smooth. Locality in the Mountain Limestone of 

 the Mendip Hills, the Black Rock (14th bed of Dr. Bright's series in 

 ' 8eol. Trans.,' vol. Iv.) near Bristol ; Dublin ; Cork. (Miller.) 



Miller remarks that he has noticed in the collection of Richard 

 Bright, Esq., of Ham Green, near Bristol, numerous joints, probably 

 appertaining to an animal forming a variety, or a distinct species. 

 They came, he states, from Muirkirk, in Dumfriesshire ; and he adds 

 that the scapula; are shorter in proportion than those of the former 

 species, and that the columnar joints are finely tuberculated. 



The same author records the following species : P. rugotut, from 

 the Mountain Limestone at Caldy Island, on the south coast of Wales, 

 and at the Mendip Hills ; P. tuberculattu, from the Mountain Lime- 

 stone strata ; P. granulatui, from the Mountain Limestone of the 

 Menrlip Hills; P. ttriatui, from the Black Rock (14th bed of Dr. 

 Bright ii series) ; and P. penlangularw, from the Mountain Limestone 

 of the Mendip Hills, at Weston-super-Mare, Black Rock near Bristol, 



HAT. HIST. DIV. VOL. II. 



and at Mitchel-Dean ; also occasionally in Transition Limestone of 

 Dinevawr Park, and Dudley. 



Goldfuss names and describes two additional species, namely, 

 P. depressus and P. ventricosus. 



Cyathocrinites. A crinoidal animal, with a round or pentagonal 

 column, formed of numerous joints, having side-arms proceeding 

 irregularly from it. On the summit adheres a saucer-shaped pelvis of 

 five pieces, on which are placed in successive series five costal plates, 

 five scapula;, and an intervening plate. From each scapula proceeds 

 one arm, having two hands. Locality, Transition and Mountain- 

 Limestone strata. (Miller.) 



C. planiti. A crinoidal animal, with a round column formed of 

 numerous depressed joints, articulating by radiating surfaces, and 

 perforated by an alimentary canal, pentagonal near the pelvis, which 

 becomes round further from it. From each of the scapula;, which 

 rest on the summit of the cup formed by the pelvis and costa;, pro- 

 ceeds an arm supporting two hands, each being provided with two 

 series of fingers. It is found at Clevedon, in the Magnesian beds of 

 the Mountain Limestone ; at Wood-Spring, Black Rock (14th bed of 

 Dr. Bright's series), near Bristol. (Miller.) 



Miller observes that a specimen had occurred to him where the 

 columnar joints were alternately smaller and larger, but that he was 

 not aware whether it possessed sufficient character to be considered a 

 variety of the former species. The same author records three other 

 species, and Goldfuss has added three more, namely, C. pinnatna, 

 C. geometricus, and O. pentagomta. 



Actinocrinitei. A crinoidal animal, with a round column composed 

 of numerous joints, and perforated by a round alimentary canal. At 

 the summit of the column is placed a pelvis formed of three plates, 

 on which five first costals and one irregular costal adhere, which are 

 succeeded by the second costals and intercostals and the scapula;, 

 from whence five arms proceed, forming two hands with several tenta- 

 culated fingers. Round side-arms proceed at irregular distances from 

 the column, which terminates at the base in a fascicular bundle or 

 root of fibres. 



A. triocontodactylta, Thirty-Fingered, Radiated, Lily-shaped Ani- 

 mal (Miller) ; Rock-Plant (Beaumont) ; Nave Encrinite (Parkinson). 

 A crinoidal animal with a round column formed of many joints, on 

 whose summit is placed a pelvis of three plates supporting five hexa- 

 gonal and one pentagonal costal plate, on which the second costals, 

 intercostals, and scapula; in series adhere, the latter sending off five 

 arms, having each two hands provided Avith three fingers. Column 

 sending off at irregular distances auxiliary side-arms, and terminating 

 at the base in a bundle of fibrous elongations resembling roots. It is 

 found in Mountain Limestone at the villages of Broughton and Stokes 

 in Craven, Yorkshire (Lister, 1674), Mountain Lime formation of the 

 Mendip Hills (Beaumont), and the Black Rock near Bristol (Miller.) 

 (See Figure in col. 531.) 



Miller describes another species, A. polydactylus, from the Mountain 

 Limestone of the Mendip Hills and Caldy Island. De Blainville 

 observes that among the five (seven) new Species which Goldfuss refers 

 to this genus namely, A. gramdatus, A. tesseracontadactylus, A. cin- 

 yulatiw, A. muricatus, A. nodulosus, A. moniUferui, and A. tesseratus 

 A. tesseracontadactylw appears to De Blainville to offer a new combi- 

 nation of the pieces of the test, and even perhaps of the ten rays of 

 the root, each division being dichotomous. 



Mdocrinites (Goldfuss). Column smooth, perforated by a smooth 

 or quinquelobate canal. Auxiliary arms . . . Pelvis composed of 

 four articulations or pieces. Primary and secondary costals five hexa- 

 gonal, alternately placed (sibi invicem impositi). Intercostals five, 

 hexagonal. Scapula; five, hexagonal, placed upon the costals. luter- 

 scapulars four, in the region of the mouth five. Arms five. Mouth 

 at the side of the vertex. 



M. hieroglyphiciu, Goldfuss. Melocrinites with the articulations or 

 pieces of the cup or calyx nodulous. Locality, Mountain Lime. 

 Soldfuss records a second species, namely M. Iccvia. 



Rhodocrinites (Miller). A crinoidal animal, with a round and 

 sometimes slightly pentagonal column, formed of numerous joints 

 perforated by a pentapetalous alimentary canal. The pelvis formed 

 i>f three pieces supporting five square plates, in the spaces of whose 

 ateral bevelled angles five heptagonal first costals are inserted. From 

 the scapula; proceeds an arm supporting two hands. (Miller.) 



R. verut, True Rose-like Lily-shaped Animal. Locality, upper bed, 



'So. 1, and one of the lower beds, No. 15, of Dr. Bright's series, 



distinguishing the Mountain Limestone formation along the river 



Avon, near Bristol, the Mendip Hills, Mitchel-Dean, the Transition 



limestone at Dudley. (Miller.) 



Goldfuss adds four species, namely, R. gyrottti, R. quinqtiepartitiu, 

 1. canalicvlatw, and R. echinatm, the last being Encrinua echinatus 

 of Schlotheim. 



JEuyeniacrinites (Miller). Superior columnar joint subpentangular, 

 enlarging above, having the five plates of the pelvis adhering to it 

 >y a solid anchylosis. Base, column, joints resting on the pelvis, and 

 ingers, unknown. (Miller.) 



. quinquangulwis (Miller) ; Clove Encrinite of Parkinson ; Caryo- 

 ,<hyttut lapidem, Caryophyllite of Knorr. Found in Switzerland, at 

 rtount Randeq (Knorr) ; also in the canton Zurich and Schaffhausen. 

 Miller.) Goldfuss records the following additional species, namely 



2 M 



