K\ 



EXT. 



ENTOMOSTOMATA. 



round ; head with extremely small triangular tentacula, bearing the 

 ye* at their summit; i> lung labial proboscis without hooka 

 (crotchet*), at the bottom of which is the mouth equally unarmed. 

 Shell without an epidermis, turricuUUxl, and with a pointed spire ; 

 whorls smooth, ribanded, bifid ; aperture oral, amall, deeply notched 

 anteriorly ; external lip thin and sharp-edged ; internal or culuiuellar 

 lip with an oblique bourrelet at its extremity. Operculum oval, 

 horny, lamellar, and a* it were imbricated. 



De Blainvillr thua characterises a genus which he nays he found 

 friiTlf compelled to establish upon examining the animal brought 

 bom* by Hewn. Quoy and Qaimard, the shell of which had been 

 hitherto confounded with the Terebrtr ; and he arranges under thin 

 new genu all thoM species whose shell is very much elevated, whose 

 spire is very pointed, and whose whorls are ribanded; and conse- 

 quently the greatest number of the twenty-four living species charac- 

 terised by Lamarck, and which nearly all belong to the East Indies 

 and Australasia. 



Ex. & maculala (Lam.), Bu-cinun maculatwn (Linn.). 



It inhabits the Moluccas and Pacific Ocean, according to Lamarck, 

 who speaks of his possession of a specimen taken on the shores -of 

 Owhyhee. 



* * Turbinaceous ; or genera whose spire is moderately elongated, 

 rarely subturriculated. 



Terttra. Animal spiral, rather elevated ; foot oval, with a trans- 

 verse anterior furrow and two lateral auricles ; head bordered with a 

 small fringe; cylindrical tentacula terminated in a point, and very 

 distant; eyes but little apparent at the origin and outside of the 

 tentacula ; mouth without a proboscis ; tube of the respiratory cavity 

 very long. Shell without an epidermis, inclining to oval ; spire sharp, 

 not much elevated or subturriculated ; aperture large, oval, strongly 

 notched anteriorly ; columella with an oblique bourrelet at its 

 extremity. No operculum. (Do Blainville.) 



M. Do Blainville only leaves in this genus, which he thinks ought 

 perhaps to belong to the family of non-operculated Entomottomata, 

 those species of Lamarck's Ttrebrte which in their general form bear 

 some resemblance to the liuccina, such for example as his Vis 

 Buccinee (Tenbra ritlnta) because De Blainville supposes that the 

 animal resembles that of the Miran of Adanson, which is the type, 

 and which differs much from that of the subulated species to which 

 De Blainville gives the generic name of Subula Alcne in French. 



Animal of Tcrtbra (Vis Mirim) from Adanson, ; n.l >bcll of Terebra rittata. 



The species, De Blainville observes, appear to come from warm 

 climates only, like the fubuUr. Terebra (Lamarck) occurs at 

 depths ranging from the surface to IT fathoms. The species 

 sometimes creep on reefs out of the water, but within reach of the 

 spray. 



Since the publication of the works of If. De Blainville and of 

 1L Kang, Dr. J. E. Gray has enumerated 45 species, all of them either 

 in the British Museum or in his own private collection. He states 

 that the nimml has a small foot, and a very long proboscis, at the base 

 of which are seated two very small tentacula ; the operculum is ovate, 

 thin, horny, rounded behind, and rather tapering in front The shell 

 is covered by a very thin, pellucid, horn-coloured periostraca; it is 

 usually white, variously streaked with brown, the streaks being often 

 interrupted or broken into spots by the two spiral bands of the shell; 

 one of these bands is placed near the spiral groove and the other on 

 the middle of the whorl. The apex of the cavity is frequently filled 

 up by a calcareous deposition ; but this deposition has never been 

 observed hi T. duplicate. Dr. Gray divides the species into the three 

 following sections : 1st " Anfractibus sulco spirali cingulum poste- 

 riuseflormante; labio interiore, tenui concavo." He observes upon 

 this section that the cingulum is most conspicuous in young shells ; 

 and that the internal lip is very rarrly thickened in adults. To this 

 section he refers 30 species (T. maculoia, Lam., Ac.), 15 of them new. 

 2nd. " Anfractibus sulco spirali cingulum posterius eflbrmante; labio 

 interiore incrassato, subclevato." He observes that the species of 

 this section (7, 5 of which are new) somewhat resemble the Ctrilhiv 

 in the apert'irc. 3rd. " Anfractibus sulco postico millo." These last 

 he divides into two sub-sections, " * with a thin internal lip," whi< 1, 

 he subdivides into (a) those species which have an elongated slender 



shell, and (6) those which have a short shell, and " with the inter- 

 nal lip thickened and elevated, and the shell short;" and he observes 

 that these approximate somewhat to the \aure, but have neither the 

 internal dilated lip nor the external thickened lip. This third section 

 contains 8 species, one of which is new. 



Dr. Gray does not notice Subula of De Blainville, and it may 

 therefore be considered that he does not admit the generic distinction. 

 Woodward makes Subula a synonym of Terebra, and records 109 

 recent species. 



Pottit Subuke axd Terebra. De Blainville refers to his genus Subula 

 many of the fossil species which had been considered as Terebrtr, and 

 which coincide with his definition of the former genus ; but he does 

 not enumerate the species, nor draw any distinct line of demarcation 

 between the fossils of these respective genera. He remarks that 

 H. Defrance makes the fossil speciet of both these genera 17, of 

 which 5 are identical, 3 from Italy, 1 from Orignon, and 1 from 

 Bourdeaux. The ' vis scalarine fossile de Fames' De Blainville thinks 

 should be referred to the genus Terebra. M. Deshayes, in his Tables, 

 makes Terebra (of Bruguiere and Lamarck we presume, for he does 

 'not notice Subula) consist of 44 living species and 16 fossil (tertiary), 

 of which last he considers two new species, and T. Fatal, T. itrigilata, 

 and T. pertuta to be both living and fossil (tertiary). Dr. Fitton, in 

 his stratigraphical and local distribution of the fossils of the strata 

 below the chalk, records T. Portlandica as occurring in the Portland 

 Stone in Dorset, South Wilts, North Wilts, Oxford, and Bucks. Dr. 

 Lea describes and figures three additional species of Terebra (Lamarck) 

 from the Claiborne Beds, remarking that 4 species of the genus 

 have been observed in England, 8 in the Oolitic group and 1 in the 

 London Clay. He refers to the 16 species given for the tertiary by 

 M. Deshayes, and says that 10 of these are found at Baden (Miocene) 

 and 7 at Bourdeaux (Miocene). Here is evidently an error in the 

 number. He adds that Mr. Conrad had observed one species, which 

 he calls ' simplex,' in the tertiary of Maryland, " being the only one 

 heretofore observed," adds Dr. Lea, " in our formations." Woodward 

 gives the number of fossil species as 21, and states that they are from 

 the Eocene Beds of Britain, France, and Chili. 



Eburna. Shell oval or elongated, smooth ; spire pointed, whorls 

 running together as it were without a marked distinction of suture ; 

 aperture inclining to oval, elongated, widened, and deeply notched in 

 front ; right lip entire ; columella callous posteriorly, umbilicated, 

 subcanaliculated at its external part. 



They are found in the seas of warm climates. Of the 9 living 

 species Lamarck refers the locality of three to the East Indies and 

 one to South America and perhaps India. 



Eburna flabrata. 



Fotril Eburna. De Blainville states in his ' Malacologie ' (1825) 

 that no Eburna had then been discovered in a fossil state. M. Rang 

 remarks (1829) in his 'Manuel' that there are fossil species. Des- 

 hayes, in his Tables, records 5 living species and 1 (new species) 

 fossil (tertiary). 



Buccinum. Shell oval, elongated, with a pointed but moderately- 

 elevated spire ; aperture oblong or oval, deeply notched anteriorly ; 

 right lip entire, sometimes thick ; columella simple or callous ; oper- 

 culum horny, oval, subconcentric ; summit but little marked and 

 marginal. [IttxriNUii.] 



The geographical distribution is very wide. Species occur in almost 

 all seas. a. glaciate and B. Sabinii are noted in the 'Supplement to 

 the Appendix of Captain Parry's First Voyage' as having been met with 

 during the period in which the expedition remained within the arctic 

 circle. 



The species are very numerous, and have been found at depths 

 ranging from the surface to 17 fathoms. The greater part of the 

 genus is littoral. 



1 if Illain villn subdivides the species into many sections coinpre- 

 In nl ing the true uccin<i, including the genera A lectrion (B. papillo- 

 turn) and Cyclop* (If. ncrilewm) of De Moutfort, and the genus Nona, 



