

KXTOMOSTOMATA. 



ENTOMOSTOMATA. 



r*kr, to which * net is attached, on mad banks at night, and at sunrise 

 when the Harp* are probably out upon their feed. They have been 

 known to Uke the bait on the fishing-line* laid for olive* (Ofiro). 

 M***n. Quoy and Oaimard, and afterward* M. Reynnud state, that 

 the animal of the Harp can oometimen, when attacked by an enemy, 

 duembarrus iUelf of the posterior prt of the foot, and completely 

 withdraw iteelf into the shell M. Reynaud explains this phenomenon 

 by giring hi* opinion that the trnvere laceration which causes, in 

 the movement of contraction exerted by the animal, the separation 

 of the posterior part of the foot, arise* from the resistance which 

 that part, too voluminous to enter the shell after the animal, 

 encounter* from the edges of the shell H. Rang observes, that 

 though no operculum has been found (and the animal appears to have 

 been carefully examined), he does not hesitate to leave the genii* 

 among those which are provided with one, because, in the first place, 

 HOTJM is similarly organised, and, in the next, if deprived of that 

 appendage, it has, at least, the posterior part of the foot to take, in 

 some sort, its place. 



Authors generally make the number of living species eight, and 

 of these the most precious, though lately greatly depressed in value, 

 is the Many-Ribbed Harp (//. imperialu). But gome of the species 

 are very difficult of definition, though others are well marked. The 

 shells when in fine condition . are great favourites with collectors, 

 and indeed a drawer of fine Harps in all the freshness of their beauty 

 is a sight worth seeing. Care should be taken to keep them ^yitll 

 their mouths downwards and from the sun and light, or their brilliant 

 colours will soon fade. 



Ex. //. ventricota. Locality, Mauritius, &c. 



Fottil ffarpa. Four species are recorded, in tha Tertiary Formation. 



Dot turn, Animal generally resembling that of Purpura. Shell 

 delicate, nearly globular, ventricose, furrowed transversely ; spire but 

 little elevated, pointed, the last whorl forming nearly the whole of 

 the shell ; aperture large, oval, right lip undulated. Columella often 

 twisted ; operculum horny. 



The species are found in the seas of warm climates, especially those 

 of India. They are also found in Australia and the Pacific. One 

 species, D. yalea, inhabits the Mediterranean. The species are often 

 found on reefs, some of them are very large. Fourteen seems to be 

 the greatest number hitherto recorded, and Cuvier has separated the 

 species into two sections, namely the Tuns (Volium) and the Partridge 

 Tuns (Perdix'ot De Montfort.) 



Ex. D. yalea, and D. perdix. 



The number of living species recorded appears to be seven. 

 Ex. V. echinoykora. Locality, the Mediterranean. 



Cauidaria tchinophora. 



Fottti Cattidaria. Deshayes, in his Tables, gives 8 fossil (tertiary) 

 species; and of these, two, namely C. tchinophora. and C. Tyrrh' 

 records as both living and fossil (tertiary). The number of fossil species 

 s about ten. They are found in the Eocene Beds of Great Britain and 



Onitcia. A genus separated from Catiidaria by Mr. O. B. Sowerby, 

 and considered by him as having its place next to that genus in 

 the natural system. It differs from Cattit in the canal not being 

 suddenly reflected ; but Mr. Sowerby states that he has seen Cattida 

 which very nearly approach Onitcia in the form of the aperture, and 

 in the short scarcely reflected canal. He thinks that the genus is 

 ntermediftte between Cattidaria, and Cattit. 



Shell oblong, sub-cylindrical, apex generally rather obtuse, spin 

 short, sometimes very short ; base rather acuminated ; aperture longi- 

 tudinal, elongated, extending at the base into a very short canal : 

 outer lip thickened, denticulated within, and rather contracted in 

 the centre ; inner lip expanded and covered with granules. (Sowerby.) 

 The outside of the shell is tuberculated, cancellated, or ribbed. "Of 

 the animal," says Mr. Sowerby, "we know nothing; but there is 

 every reason for believing it to be related to that of Cattit, and that 

 it has an operculum, though we have never seen it" 



Six living species are recorded, from the West Indies, China, and 

 the Galapagos. 



Ex. 0. canceUata. 



MwU of l*lmm falra, and animal denuded (dlmlnUbed). 

 Fnuil ftolia. Seven species are recorded M fossil They are 

 found in the Miocene Tertiary Beds. 



Ccuiul'iria. Animal supposed to bear a general resemblance tc 

 that of /Iwiinnin and Ptuyura. Shell ovoid, ventricose, with tli 

 spin but little elevated; aperture long, rather narrow, with th 

 uterior canal recurred; right lip furnished with a bonrrelet; oolu 

 mellar lip covered by a large callosity, often granulous or wrinkled. 

 Operculum horny. 



The sea* of comparatively warm climate*. Lamarck gives th 

 Mediterranean as the locality of two specie* Rang itato* that onlj 

 ' is European. De BUinville speaks of the genus a* 

 [ mil seas except that of the north. 



, adult. 



Three fossil species are recorded, from the Miocene Beds of the 

 Tertiary Strata. 



C'ouw. Animal said to resemble generally that of Purpura, 

 Shell inclining to oval, convex, with a spire but little projecting, 

 nearly flat; aperture oblique, long, and narrow, with the anterior 

 canal very short and recurved towards the back ; right lip thick, fur- 

 nished with nn external bourrelet, and toothed within ; colunu'lkir 

 lip callous, nearly straight, and marked nearly throughout its length 

 with transverse long teeth. Operculum horny, very rudimentary. 



The species occur principally in very warm latitudes in shallow 

 water : two or three are said to be found in the Mediterranean. 



The number of living species is about thirty-four. These are 

 iliviilcd into two groups by Lamarck; the first consisting of those 

 specie* whose spire is marked by bourrelete {C, cornula, for example); 

 and the second of those whose spire is without bourreleta (C. rufn, 

 for example). 



De Bhunville divides the species into two groups also ; the first con- 

 sisting of those whose aperture is long, and the external lip nearly 

 straight (C. lubcrota, for example) ; the second of those whose aperture 

 is suboval, and the external lip excavated (C.Jlammca, for instance). 



Ex. C. tnberota. Locality, West Indian Seas. 



Pottil Cattidet. The number of fossil (tertiary) species is 36 ; of 

 these are U. jlammea, C. yranuloia, C. crumtna, C. taburvn, C. bitulca'a, 

 and a new species, both living and fossil (tertiary). 



