557 



ENTOMOSTOMATA. 



ENTOMOSTOMATA. 



858 



Shell of Qutit tutema ; and animal denuded of Castit lulcua (diminished). 



The fossil species are principally found in France and Chili. 



Ricinula. Animal nearly entirely resembling those of Succinum 

 and Purpura. Mantle provided with a tube ; foot much wider, and 

 auriculated, at) it were anteriorly ; head semilunar, with conical tenta- 

 cula, supporting the eyes at the middle of their external surface; 

 excitatory organ of the male very large, recurved in the branchial 

 cavity. Such is De Blainrille's description, wRo made his observation 

 on ' la Ricinule horrible,' X. horrida. 



Shell oval or sub-globular, thick, beset with points or tubercles, 

 with a very short spire ; aperture narrow, long, with a notch (which 

 is sometimes sub-canaliculated) anteriorly ; right lip often digitated, 

 externally and toothed within ; the left lip callous and toothed or 

 wrinkled. Operculum horny, oval, transverse, concentric. De Blain- 

 ville describes the elements of the operculum as a little imbricated. 



There are 29 species of this genus. They are from India, China, 

 the Philippines, Australia, and the Pacific. 



The species have been found on coral reefs and rocks. 



De Blainville separates the species into three [sections : the first 

 consisting of those with an evident canal anteriorly and behind the 

 aperture (en arriere de 1'fuverture), R. diyitata ; the second of those 

 without a canal and beset with spines, R. homda ; and the third of 

 those without a canal and tuberculous, R. morut. He observes that 

 this genus is evidently artificial : thus it contains one species which is 

 a true Mure*, whilst others are closely approximated to certain 

 species of Turbinella ; in fact, they have two or three plaits on the 

 columella; finally, some of them scarcely differ, he says, from the 

 true Pui-pura. 



Ex. R. horrida. 



Ridnitla hnn '"in. 



Three Fossil Ricmvla; have been recorded. 



Cancellaria. Animal said to resemble generally that of Purpura. 

 Shell oval or globular, rather convex, reticulated, thick, with a 

 spire slightly elevated and pointed ; aperture demioval, notched or 

 snbcanaliculated anteriorly ; right lip sharp-edged, striated within ; 

 columella nearly straight, with many well-defined plaits. Operculum 

 horny. 



The species are all exotic, and the inhabitants of warm seas. The 



localities of the bulk of those known are said by De Blainville to be 

 inhabitants of the Indian and African seas. The species have 

 been found on sandy bottoms, at a depth ranging from 7 to 16 

 fathoms. 



De Blainville observes that the genus as adopted by him is not 

 entirely the same as that of Lamarck. De Blainville withdraws from 

 the genus the species whose aperture is evidently canaliculated, such 

 as C. senticosa, which, as it appears to him, ought to remain among 

 the Murices or the turriculated Turbinella. Deshayea, in his Tables, 

 makes the number of living species 13. Mr. G. B. Sowerby (' Zool. 

 Proc.,' 1832) describes 22 new species from the collection of Mr. 

 Cuming, most of them from the warm latitudes of the Pacific side of 

 South America. One of them, C, uniplicata, dredged in sand near 

 Panama at a depth of 10 fathoms, is the only species known to Mr. 

 Sowerby with a single fold on the columella. Woodward (' Manual ') 

 gives 70 recent species. 



Ex. C. reticulata. Locality, Southern Atlantic Ocean. (Lamarck.) 



Cancellaria reticulata. 



Fotiil Cancellaria!. Lamarck records 7 fossil species. Rang says 

 there are a good number. De Blainville observes that, according to 

 Defrance, there are 20 species, two of which are identical, one from 

 Italy, the other from Grignon, and ofle analogue from Italy. Deshayes 

 makes the number of fossil (tertiary) species 42, one of which he 

 notes as both living and fossil (tertiary). Dr. Lea describes and 

 figures, in addition, 8 species from the Tertiary Formation of 

 Alabama (Claiborne). He observes that the genus has been observed 

 in England only in the London Clay, whence three species have been 

 described; and, referring to Deshayes's Tables and his 42 species, 

 remarks that 16 are from the Sub-Apennines (Pliocene), 12 from 

 Bourdeaux (Miocene), and 5 from Paris (Eocene). In America, he 

 observes, a single species only, C. lunata (Conrad), had been thereto- 

 fore observed. It was from the Tertiary Beds of Saint Mary's. 

 Woodward gives 60 species, all Eocene. 



Purpura. Animal rather elongated, widened in front ; head large 

 with a very short proboscis ; two tentacula, generally in front and 

 approximated, conical, and supporting the eyes on an enlargement 

 situated at the middle of their external part ; mouth below, nearly 

 always hidden by the foot, which is rather large, very much advanced, 

 and bilobated, as it were, anteriorly; branchial pectinations two^ 

 unequal ; orifice of the oviduct at the entrance of the branchial cavity 

 on the right side ; orifice of the deferent canal at the right side of the 

 neck, at the extremity of the exciting organ, which is generally 

 voluminous ; vent on the same side. 



Shell of Purpura Persica, and animal of J'urpura hiemmloma. 



Shell oval, thick, unarmed or tubercular, with a short spire, the 

 ist whorl larger than all the others together ; aperture very much 

 ilated, of an oval form, terminated anteriorly by an oblique notch ; 



