ENTOMOS'l 



KNTuI'HYTA. 



Order 1L COPMUDA. 



Family 1, CrctonBJt, containing^ 

 four genera 



Family 2, DIAPTOXIDJK, conUining 



Arpadieiu. 



l>iaptom<u. 

 Temora. 



three genera .... AwMtoctm. 



Family 8, CETOCHIUD.E, contain- 

 ing one genus 



Placed her* provisionally, genus . JVoftxWpAy* 



Legion HI. POCOOPODA. [POSCILOPODA.] 

 Order I. SIPHOSOSTOKA, 

 Tribe 1. PELTOCEPHALA. 



Family 1, ABOVLID^ containing! Ar ^^ [ABautcs.] 



one genus J 



realign*. [CALIQUS.] 

 Family 2, CALIOID*, containing! Lejxoptkein*. 



four genera . . . .] Chalimtu. 



IfMiw 



Family 3, PASDABID.B, conUining f lUnemoura. 



two genera . . . -I Pandaru*. 



Family 4, CZCBOPID.E, containing f Cecrop*. 



two genera . . . . I Lamaryut. 

 Tribe 2. PACHTCEPHALA. 



Family 1, ASTHOSOMADJE, 



ing one geniu . . . . J 

 Family 2, EBOASILID*. containing 1 



one genus 



Order II. LEBNEAD.K. [LEBSEAD.B.] 



Tribe 1. AXCHOKASTOMACEA. 



Family 1, CHOXDBACA.NTHID.E, f CAonrfrocan/iw. 

 containing two genera . . \ Lementoma. 



Tribe 2. AXCHOBACABPACEA. 

 Family 1, LEBSEOPODOD*, ^\ Lerneopoda , 



taming one genus . . . J 

 Family 2, ANCHOBELLAD*, -\ Anchortlla . 



I..:I..:;L: OM -' '"'>- i 



Tribe 3. ANCHOR AC ERACEA. 



Family 1, PMELLAD*. containing \ LlrMUItm ^ 



one genus J 



Family 2, LEBKEOCEBAD.K, contain-/ Ltnuocera. 



ing two genera . . . .\Ltrnea. 



In M. Latreille's second method, the Enlomottrara were treated a* 

 a sub-class, with the following characters : Mandibles naked or none ; 

 mouth formed of two rows of pieces ; antenna; and feet of a branchial 

 form ; Ursi without a horny nail at the end ; shell clypeaceous or 

 shield-like, univalve or bivalve, or with annular horny ormembrnnoux 

 segments of the body ; eyes sessile, often united no an to form one. 



1st Section. (Opercule's, shell univalve or bivalve.) 







Shell Univalve. (Clypeacds.) 

 1st Order, Xyphosures. (Ex. Limultu.) 

 2nd Order, 1'neumonures. (Ex. fholui.) 

 3rd Order, Phyllopodea. (Ex. AJHU.) 







Shell Bivalve. (Ortracbodea.) 

 4th Order, Ortrachode*. (Ex. Qjiprw.) 



2nd Section. (Nuea, body annulatd throughout it* length.) 

 5th Order, Pseudocodes. (Ex. Cyrlopt.) 

 6th Order, Cephalotea, (Ex. 1'oiypkemui.) 



In the last edition of Cuvier's 'Regne Animal,' M. Latreill. 

 divide* the Entomoitraca into two orders : 



I. BBAKCBIOPODA. 



II. PcrciLoroDA. 



The PCTCILOPODA he divided into two families : 



1st. Xyphonra. 

 Thin family ootuiidta but of one genus, namely, 7,im/wj. 



'2nd. ti/'honottoma. 

 This family he separate* into two tribes : 



1. Caligirla. 



This tribe contains the genera Aryultu, Caligui, and it* sub-genrrn 

 Pandarut, IKnemtHura, Ac., and Cecroja. 



2. Lern<riformn. 

 This tribe conaUteof Dickel**iinm and .\irntkof. 



1L Hilne-Edwards remarks, that at the first glance the branchial 

 feet of Ajna mi-l nf many other Knlnrnmtrnca would appear to have 



hardly anything in common with the ambulatory feet or buocal 

 member* of the Decapods ; but, nevertheless, the same parU are 

 found among the former. In fact, he observes, in the great foliaceou* 

 lamina) or blades, the structure of which seems as complicated as it 

 is anomalooa, the analogues of the flagnim (fouet), palp, and stem 

 (tige) are easily traced. The first of these appendages constitute 

 the flattened vesicle which occupies the basilary and external part of 

 the foot : ita form is the same as among the Stomapods, and ita 

 structure further confirms the approximation. 



The last-named author proposes the following method, differing 

 from that of Latreille not only in the number of the orders under 

 which the different Cruttacta are arranged, but aUo in the limit* 

 assigned to many of these divisions : 



A. Mouth deprived of special organs of mastication. 

 Orders. 



Xyphosurea. 



Siphonostomes. 



/.'. Mouth armed with special organs of mastication, namely, with 

 one pair of mandibles, and with one or more pain of jaws. 



Orders. 



Ostrapodes. Iscpodes. 



<]!... -r. -. Amphipodea. 



Pbyllopodes. Stomapode*. 



Cope'podea. Decapodes. 



Laemipodes. 



M. Milne-Edwards further states that Latreille, a little before his 

 death, was again occupied with the subject, and introduced into 

 bis method many modifications, which made it approach nearly to 

 that proposed by M. Milne-Edwards. The latter says that Latreille 

 in fact admitted into the class Crmtacta 12 orders, namely, the Deca- 

 pods, the Stomapods, the Licmipodn, the Amphipods, the Igopods, 

 the Dicladopods, the Lophyropes, the Ostrapods, the Xyphosures, and 

 the Siphonostomes ; and that the Dicladopods very nearly correspond 

 to the Copepods of M. Milne-Edwardn. The last-named author, when 

 speaking of Latreille's classification in the first edition of the ' Kegne 

 Animal,' speaks of Latreille's not attaching to the distinction of 

 Malacortraca and Kntomoitraca an importance which those divisions 

 do not deserve ; but M. Milne-Edwards still retains the term Entomot- 

 traca ; for we find in his synoptical table (' Hiatoire Naturclle del 

 Crustacea Suites a Buffon'), under the sub-class of Maxillated 

 Crustaceans, the legion of Branchiopods, containing the orders Ottra- 

 poda and Phyllopoda, and the legion of Entomoitraca, consisting of 

 the orders Copepoda and Cladocera, 



The reader who wishes to study the classification, economy, and 

 anatomy of the Entomoitraca, should more particularly consult, 

 besides the works above alluded to, those of Swammcnlam, Need- 

 ham, Leuwenhoek, De Qeer, Kamdhor, Schoffer, Straus, Hermann, the 

 younger Fabricius, the Jurines, father and sou, Adolphe Brongniart, 

 Slabber, Desmarest, De Blainville, Thompson, and Audouin. 

 Pottil Entomoitraca. 



The remains of small Crustacea evidently referrible to tliis family 

 have been found in many strata. Setting aside the TrilohUa, whose 

 affinities are evidently with the Entomoitraca [TniLosiTEs], and which 

 abounded in the earliest Palaeozoic Rocks, species belonging to the 

 group Ottracoda have been described as occuring in the older Secondary 

 Hocks. M. Hitsinger has figured and described two species from the 

 Silurian Rocks of Sweden ; Count Minister has given short descrip- 

 tions of eight species from the Bergkalk of Regnitztorao near Hf ; 

 Professor M'Coy has figured and described twenty-two species from 

 the Carboniferous Limestone of Ireland ; M. d Konim-k nix species 

 from the Carboniferous System of Belgium, and Mr. Benn <>ne upccies 

 from the Newcastle Coal-lied*. Species have also been described by 

 Portlock, Homer, Hibbert, and Murchison, making altogether about 

 thirty-seven distinct forms belonging to the Silurian and Carboni- 

 ferous Rocks. Ten species have been described from the Magneeian 

 Limestone of North Britain, and Mr. Rupert Jones has described 

 twenty-six species from the Chalk. The fossil species mostly belong 

 to the genus Cythere. [('YTIIKKK.] Species have also been found in 

 the Wealden Beds of Great Britain and in the Tertiaries of Europe. 

 The forms of the Entornottraca. have at present been only partially 

 examined, but the results already obtained lead to the conviction 

 that in all strata there are deposit* of these animals which, when 

 properly examined into, will lead to the discovery of many new 

 and instructive forms. 



(Jones, On the Entomoitraca of the Cretartovji Formation* of /.'// 

 and On Permian Pouilt, in J'" ' Worl-.) 



ENTOI'HYTA (from foror and <t>vr6f), a term njiplifd to plant* 

 found living within animal bodies. The term Epiphyta has been 

 upplirrl to those forms of plants which live upon the external parts 

 of organised beings whether plant* or animals. It is however 

 difficult to draw the line between these two classes, because it 

 frequently happens that a plant whose spores are deposited in the 

 interior of an animal body, in the course of growth find their way to 

 the surface. The term Epiphyte has also been employed to designate 

 those higher forms of plant*, more especially the Orchidacta! which 

 are found growing on other plant*, o that the term Entophyte is 



