KNTOPHYTA. 



ENTOFHYTA. 



I i 



Algss of th. Stickleback. Manicu*. 

 A The OUU and the CelluUr Time. 



Pnrotprrmia of the Pike. J. Muller. 



P. of the Synodootit SeltaL J. Mullor. 



7>. of the Sandra. (Ltidoperea winrfra). J. MUller. 



/>. of the Roach. (tVp"* rn/i/iu). J. MiiUer. 



P. of the /xii> Jo/ioiu. J. Muller. 



P. of the Pimelodiu Blochii. J. Muller. 



7. of the Pimelodut Stb<r, and of Plalytloma fatciatum. 

 J. Mull.-r. 



P. of the Cala*om<u t nlfrculatut. 3. Muller. 



P. of the Gad** rational. J. Muller. 



,/>. of the Acerina rulgarit of Grenvillc. Creplin. 



P. of the Seuma umbra. Ch. Robin. 

 C. The Eggs. Saproleynia ferax. Kutzing. 



VI. 



A. On the Elytra, and on the Articulations. 



Botrytit Baaiana. Balsamo. Montagne. 

 LahoMenia Jtougelii. Ch. Robin. Montagne. 

 L. Gutrinii. Ch. Robin. 

 Slilbum Bu'tuflii. J. Muller and Ch. Robin. 



B. On the Caterpillars and Chrysalises in the Tissues. 



Jlotrylit Bauiana. Balsamo. Montagne. 

 Genus Spkirria. Holler. [SPH.KRIA.] 



Section Oordycept. Fries. 

 f-plarria militant. Ehrenberg. 

 & iplurrocephala. Klein. 

 & entomorhisa. Dickson. 

 & toboli/era. Hill. 

 8. Sinentit. Berkeley. 

 S. Roberlni. Hooker. 

 & Taylori. Berkeley. 

 S. Gunnii. Berkeley. 

 Kentntporium microcephalum. Wallroth. 

 K. mitralum. Wallroth. 

 Jtaria elettteratoritm. Nee*. [IsARlA.] 

 J.jloccota. Fries. 

 J. Urigota. Fries. 

 /. arachnnphila. Dittmar. 

 /. leprota. Fries. 

 /. Tartarica. Wallroth. 

 J. cratta. Persoon. 

 7. tphecophila. Dittmar. 

 /. exotela. Fries. 

 /. arantarum. Schweinitz. 

 /. tphynyuni. Schweinitz. 

 J. gigantea. Montagne. 

 0. In the Intestines. 



Mouliniea chrytomel<e. Ch. Robin. 



M. cetonia. Ch. Robin. 



M. gyrini. Ch. Robin. 



l*ptot)trijc intectorum. Ch. Robin. 



Genus Eccrina. Leidy. 



E. lonya. Leidy. 



. moniliformia. 



Cladophylum comatum. Leidy. 



Anl/mmilut crittattu. Leidy. 



A. nil id m. Leidy. 



VII. The Myriapoda. 



A. In the Intestine*. 



Enlerobryut elegant. Leidy. 



B. tpiralit. Leidy. 

 K. attenuatut. Leidy. 



. Juli-terrettrit. Ch. Robin. 



VIII. The Mollusc*. 



A. On the Vesicle of Slugs. (Algue indcterminec, Lebert) 



B. The Eggs. Saprolignia ferax. KUUing. 



The most interesting of these specie* are undoubtedly those 

 which attack man or the animals which he domesticates and employs. 

 With the exception of the Botrytit of the silk-worm, the latter have 

 not been much inventigated. Those which attack man, and accompan) 

 diseased condition* of bis body are better known. They may be 

 divided into those which are found on the skin, and those which ore 

 atUchrd to or found in the secretions of the mucous membrane. 



I. Kntopkytaot the Skin. Ten species have been noted in this locality. 

 We shall enumerate them in the order in which they are given by 

 M. Robin. 



1. Tridiopht/ton tonnrant (Malmsten); Trichomyctt tonnrata ; 

 Mfcoderma of the Plica Polonica; fungus of the hairs in llerpet 

 tonnrant, fungus of Porrigo tcutulata, Achorion Lebert ii; fungus of 

 the Teigne tondante, Bazin ; Sltuopkyle, Gruby. This fungus was 

 discovered and described in 1644 by Gruby in the disease called by 

 the brothers Mhon Teigne tondante, by Cazenave Jlerpn tontunmt, 

 by Erasmus Wilson Trichotet furfuracea (one of the diseases called 

 Ringworm an.l Porrigo tcululala iu this country). It exists also, as 

 pointed out by Oiinsben?, in the Plica Polonica, although the two 

 pl*nU were formerly described as different The TVi'cAopAyro* in 



ormed by oval transparent spores,' which give rise to articulated 

 ilamenta. Its anatomical seat is in the interior of the root* of the 

 mirs. The hairs and fungi simultaneously increase. The former seem 

 arger than usual, are paW in colour, lose their elasticity, soften, and 

 >reak off when they have risen some one or two lines above the 

 surface of the scalp. In the short cylinder then left the fungus grows 

 still more rapidly, so that the normal structure of the small stump of 

 jair soon becomes indistinguishable. Sometimes the hair breaks off 

 Before emerging from the skin, and the fungus, epidermis, and seba- 

 ceous matter, fill the ends of the piliferoua conduits, and form the 

 jttle prominencies which can be seen by the naked eye in this disease, 

 and give the skin a rough anserine appearance. The sporules and 

 mycelium of the plants can sometimes be seen, in the form of a whit* 

 powder, on the roots of the broken hairs. Sometimes the cutis 

 becomes congested and thickened, and th. n the plant is mixed up 

 with scales of epidermis, with fatty and albumenoid granules, with 

 pus, &c., and crusts are formed of greater or less thickness in which 

 the growth of the fungus can go on. Messrs. Robin and Bazin adopt 

 unreservedly the opinion that the Trichophyton is the cause of the 

 disease known under the various names above given, and each has 

 given examples of the contagion of the disease by the transmission 

 of the spores. Bazin has made the very important observation that 

 the same disease will attack horses, and can be communicated from 

 them to men. Both Robin and Buzin however admit that there is 

 some condition of the hairs (dependent no doubt on constitutional 

 causes) which is essential for the growth of the plant, as sometimes 

 the disease disappears, that is, the fungus dies, without treatment. 

 With respect to the name of the most common disease in which the 

 Trifhophyton tonturant appears, the term used by Cazenave (Ilerpet 

 tondent) is extremely unfortunate. No doubt vesicles are sometime* 

 seen, and sometimes the cryptogamic disease succeeds to true Jlfrptt 

 rircinala of the scalp, but in many cases there are no vesicles at all 

 throughout the whole course of the disease. The term used in this 

 country Porrigo tcutuiata is inconvenient as it is applied with greater 

 justice to favut. The old term of Tinea is after all by far the best, 

 and the specific affix tondent expresses well one feature of the 

 disease, the baldness arising from the brittleneas of the hairs. 



2. Trichophytan (!) tponUoidet (Robin), (Mycodtrme of the Plica 

 Polonica). In addition to the former species, Walther describes in the 

 Plica Polonica oval or circular flattened sporules, which have been too 

 little studied at present to permit their exact characters to be stated. 



3. Trichophyton (?) itlccrum (Robin). Lebert has described a 

 fungus in the crusts covering an atonic ulcer of the leg. 



I. Microtporon Audouint (Gruby). This plant has been studied 

 by Gruby, and its existence, though denied by Cazenave, has been 

 confirmed by Robin. It is present in the disease commonly called 

 after Willan, Porrigo dccalrant or Alopecia circumtcripta, or by 

 Bazin, Titua achromalota. It differs from the Trichophyton of 

 Tinea tondent, by its numerous waved filaments, and by the extremely' 

 small size of its sporules. It is not found, like the Trichoiiln/lon, in 

 the interior of the root, but forms round each hair a little tube ; the 

 hair then becomes opaque, softens, and breaks off. The Alopecia is 

 rapid, with or without vitiligo of the skin. The dermis is not con- 

 gested, and the epidermis is thin and smooth. There is an affection 

 which should probably be distinguished from the Porrigo decalran*, 

 or Alopecia circumtcripta, and which is characterised by a rapid 

 disappearance of pigment from both skin and hair, with or without 

 Alopecia. M. Bazin includes it in his Tinea achromatota, but does 

 not mention the fact that Alopecia is not constant. He states that a 

 parasitic plant is present, but does not describe it. There must 

 however be something more than a fungus to cause the total 

 disappearance of pigment from a considerable portion of dermis. 

 Besides, when the hairs return they nre at first white, and only 

 gradually regain colour ; but if the vitiligo were owing to a plant 

 it is probable they would not grow at all The disease appears to be 

 allied to those obscure pigmentary changes which have a much deeper 

 seat than the surface of the body. 



5. Microtjioron mentagrophyta (Robin), (Meniagrophyte, Gruby). 

 This is a plant resembling the preceding, but possessing larger 

 spores and filaments. It was discovered by Gruby in a case of men- 

 tagra, and has been since described by Bazin. Its seat differs from 

 that of the preceding, and from that of the Trichophyton. It is 

 between the bulb of the hair and the follicle in \vliirh the Imll. is 

 seated, and never extends beyond the surface of the skin. 



6. Microtporon furfur (Robin). In 1848 Eichxtcdt discovered a 

 cryptogamic plant iu the disease called by Willan l'i>.i,,,i*iircriicol<>r, 

 and more lately I'lilwuma. Soon afterwards Sluy ter described the same 

 fungus, and lately Sprengler has described and figured it. It forms 

 \\itli tin- epidermic scales the yellowish -brown scurf seen in PUyriatit. 



7. Achori'iii f-'rlninliiiiii (Hi'inak), (iinHnni >'</,., ,</< ,nii ; ^fyco- 

 derma of 2Vni favota; Porrigophyte (Qruby); Fungus of J'arut. 

 Schicnlrin was the first to suggest that the honeycomb, or yellow 

 favous crusts in the so-called Porrigo lupinota (Willan) and P. tcu- 

 tulata were constituted by a vegetable growth. This has been 

 repeatedly confirmed, and many excellent descriptions have been 

 given of the disease now called indifferently J'aru*, Tinea favota, or 

 Porrigo tcutulata. 



M. Robin believes he has discovered that the primary seat of the 



