Ml 



ITNH T. 



HI THOKBIA. 



SvcuuJ Sub-Qenun, iktpni (Zieg.). Some of the species hare the 

 antenna- club-shaped u in Eumorpktu proper, but trighter and 

 more elongated, and with the joint* bent laterally: among these 

 I'mmorpltiu Kirbyamui (Lair.) it now placed. In other species of 

 Dapnu the third joint of the antennss u not longer than BUT of the 

 others. Many of the ipeciei of Dapttu are indigenous in Europe, 

 living in different P**yi, whence the name of the family (Funyicula). 

 Some of these iuMcte are aUo found under the bark of the birch and 



other trees. 



Third Submenus, E ndomytkiu (Fab.), ban the three hut joints of the 

 antenna bent laterally, larger than the others, and forming a triangular 

 club-shaped man. 



Fourth Sub-Oenus, /ycoyxWirm (Latr.), has the maxillary palpi 

 filiform, and the but joints of the labia are enlarged. [TRUIERL] 



Kl'N'ICE, a geniu of Doraibrancliiate Annelida. It is furnished 

 with tuft-like gill* ; the trunk is armed with three pairs of horny 

 jawi; each of the feet hag two cirri ami a bundle of bristles; two 

 tentacles upon the head above the mouth, and two on the neck. 



E. yiyanlta is the largest Annelide known. It attains a length of 

 from one to four feet, and inhabits the sea around the Antilles. 



Kl'O'Ml'H ALL'S, a genus of fossil Gastropoda, from the Paheozoic 

 Strata. (Sowerby.) [TROCHID*.] 



EUO'NYMUS (fvarvfiot, literally 'baring a good name,' and hence 

 various derived senses), a genus of Plants belonging to the natural 

 order Celtutractir. It has a flat 4-5-lobed calyx with a peltate disc at 

 the base ; 4-5 petals, inserted in the margin of the disc ; 4-5 stamens, 

 inserted in the disc ; a single style ; the capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-anglcd, 

 the dehiscence loculicidol ; the seed solitary, with a fleshy arillus, 

 not truncate at the hilum. The species are shrubs with tetragonal 

 or terete branches, and orate usually opposite learee, yielding a fetid 

 odour when bruised, and considered poisonous. 



/.'. Europiftu, Spindle-Tree, has the petals oblong; the flowers mostly 

 4 cleft and tetrandrous ; the branches tetragonal, smooth, and eren ; 

 the leaven elliptic lanceolate, minutely serrate; the capsule obtusely 

 angular, not winged. It is a native of Europe in hedges and thickets, 

 and is found abundantly in Great Britain. The flowers are small, 

 of a greenish-whit* colour, and give out a fetid odour. Its wood is 

 tough and white, and is used for making skewers. It has from this 

 got the name of Prick-Wood ; Gerard calls it Prick-Timber. Its 

 French name is Fusoin, in allusion to its use in making spindles. It 

 is called also in French Bonnet de Prdtre and Bois a Lardoire ; the 

 former in allusion to the capsules, which when open bear some resem- 

 blance to a priest's cap, the latter from the use made of the wood in 

 making skewers and larding pins. It has, in common with the Corntu 

 lavguinea, the names of Dog- Wood and Gatteridge-Tree ; the first 

 name is in allusion to the use of the wood of these trees for making 

 an infuaion with which mangy dogs were washed. It is also knowu in 

 English by the name of Louse-Berry, a name which it has got from 

 its berries being used when powdered as an application to the head 

 for the destruction of lice. The wood of this tree is also used by 

 musical instrument makers. When used for skewers, toothpicks, &c., 

 the branches are cut when the shrub is in blossom, as that is the 

 period when the wood ia toughest. Linneeus says that cows, goats, 

 und sheep eat the leaves, but that horses refuse them. The berries 

 are poisonous, and produce wheu eaten vomiting and purging. Whilst 

 growing wild in hedges and coppices this plant does not attain any 

 great size ; but when planted and allowed to grow alone it becomes a 

 tree, and reaches a height of twenty or thirty feet. Although almost 

 entirely neglected iu the planting of pleasure-garden.?, it forms a 

 singularly beautiful object in the autumn, when its clusters of red 

 berries are ripe. The seeds are covered with an arillus, which is of a 

 U-auUful orange colour. 



/.'. rerrucortu has the branches warted with proximate lenticular 

 glands; the leaves orate and slightly serrate; the flowers 3 on a 

 peduncle ; the peUls orate ; the capsule bluntly 4-cornered. Tliix is 

 a deciduous shrub or low tree, a native of Austria, Hungary, and 

 Carniola. It has a singular appearance, and is worthy of cultivation 

 on that account amongst collections. 



S.lati/uliiu has smooth branches; broad orate leares ; trichotomous 

 many-flowered peduncles ; oral obtuse petals; the lobes of the capsule 

 acutely angular and wing-formed. It is a deciduous shrub or low 

 tree, attaining a height of 10-20 feet, and U a native of the south 

 f Europe. It* fruit is large, and of a deep red colour ; the decaying 

 leares are also reddish. This is the handsomest species of the genus. 

 It has broad shining leares, and it* large red pendulous fruit*, with 

 their orange-coloured seeds, which are suspended in the air when 

 the capsules open, contribute much to the beautiful appearance of 

 this tree. 



K. Anirrieaniu, American Spindle-Tree, has smooth branches; the 

 leaven almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated ; the flowers 1 to 

 3 on a peduncle ; the petal sub orbiculate ; the capsules warty. This 

 is a sub-erergreen recumbent shrub, and is a native of North America 

 from Canada to Florida. The capsules are of a deep crimson, the 

 seeds white, and the arillus scarlet They add much to the beauty 

 ( this plant, and hare given rise in America to it* common name, 

 the Burning Bush. It is of easy culture in a moist soil. Several 

 varieties bare been described by botanists. M. alropurpureut is found 

 in English gardens, and Is a native of America. E. 1/amiltonianut 



is a Nepaul species, introduced about twenty years ago. K. luttiiu is a 

 dwarf species. 



About thirty species hare been described. All the hardy kinds are 

 easily cultivated in any common soil in the open air. They may be 

 propagated by seeds which ripen hi this country. Cuttings planted 

 m the autumn will readily take root. 



(Loudon, Encydopadia of Tree* and Shrubt ; Don, IHcUamydeotu 

 Planit.) 



K 1 TATORI A'CE .*:, one of the tribes of composite plants admitted 

 by De Candolle, who defines it thus : " Style of the hermaphrodite 

 flowers cylindrical; the arms long, somewhat clarate, corered exter- 

 nally with downy papilla: at the upper end. The stigmatic series but 

 little prominent, and usually disappearing before they reach the 

 middle of the arms of the style." Under this character are arranged 

 38 genera, the most extensive of which is the genus Enpalorium, 

 including no fewer than 294 species. 



EUPATO'RIUM, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 C'ompotita, the tribe upatoriacea, the sub-tribe Epatorie<r, and the 

 division Adtnottyleir. It has 3- loo-flowered heads, a flat naked 

 receptacle, the scales of the involucre in one or two or more rows, equal 

 or unequal, loosely or closely imbricated, the throat of the corolla 

 hardly dilated, the anthers inclosed, the arms of the style exserted, 

 cylindrical, obtuse; the pappus in one row, hairy, rough. 



/.'. cannal/iHUM, Hemp-Agrimony, has the leaves in 3 or 5 deep 

 lanceolate serrated segments, the middle one longest. It is a native 

 of Europe, and is mostly found on the banks of streams. It is a 

 common plant in the British Isles. The stem is about three feet high, 

 and has a slightly aromatic smell. The whole plant is bitter, and 

 was formerly employed in medicine as a tonic and febrifuge. An 

 infusion of this plant is said to be the common medicine of the turf- 

 diggers in Holland against the ulcerations and diseases of the feet and 

 legs to which they are subject The expressed juice, when taken in 

 large quantities, produces both vomiting and purging. 



/.'. /xrfvliatum, Thorough- Wort, Thorough-Wax, Cross-Wort, or 

 Bone-Set, has subscssile opposite linear-lanceolate acuminate leaves, 

 decreasing gradually in breadth from the stem, where they are widest, 

 to the extremities ; serrated, wrinkled, pale underneath, and hairy, 

 especially the veins. This plant is a native of North America, in 

 meadows and boggy soils. It has erect round hairy stems, branched 

 only at the top, with a cylindrical imbricated involucre, inclosing from 

 12 to 15 flowers, the florets of which are tubular. All parts of this 

 plant are intensely bitter, and a decoction of the leares has been 

 recommended by American physicians as a valuable tonic and stimu- 

 lant, and used as a substitute for Peruvian bark in the cur.' uf 

 intermittent fever. In large doses the infusion or decoction of the 

 whole plant is emetic, sudorific, and aperient It is used with 

 advantage instead of the infusion of chamoinile flowers in working 

 off emetics. 



. Ayapana has subsessile, opposite, lanceolate, triple-nerved, 

 acuminate, nearly entire, smooth leaves. It is originally a native of 

 South America, on the right bonk of the river Amazonos, whence 

 it has been introduced into the East Indies. It has a stem shrubby 

 at the base, branched, and smooth ; the heads are pedicellate, and 

 contain about 20 florets. An infusion of this plant is used in Brazil 

 as a diuretic and diaphoretic. It has also been employed as an 

 antidote against the bites of venomous serpents and insects. A 

 quantity of the bruised leaves is laid upon the scarified wound, :unl 

 the fresh juice is administered from tune to time to the patient. 

 The reputation of this plant for the bites of poisonous serpents, like 

 that of many others, is probably undeserved. Other species of 

 Eupatorium possess medicinal properties : E. aromaticun and E. 

 uiloratum hare very fragrant roots; E. jterfoliatum and K. nlniuli- 

 folium have been employed in renal diseases and consumption. The 

 K. liuaco of older botanists is now referred to the genus Mikania. 

 [MlKANIA.] 



(Burnett, Outline* of Botany; Lindley, Flora Mtdica; Lewis, 

 llittort/ of Materia Medico.) 



KUPHEUa [laoroDA.] 



EUPHO'RBIA, a genus of Exogenous Plants, giving its name to 

 an extensive and important natural order. It has very small 

 monandrous naked male flowers, crowded round an equally naked 

 female one, in the inside of an involucre looking like a calyx, and 

 formerly mistaken for that organ. The species have cither a common 

 leafy appearance, with the involucres proceeding from among large 

 foliaceous bracts, or they are nearly leafless, with their stem exces- 

 sively succulent, so as to resemble Cadi, Those with the former 

 character are natives of most parts of the world, and are the only 

 kinds found in Europe ; the succulent species chiefly appear in the 

 hottest and driest countries. Barren uncultivated places in the plains 

 <>f Hindustan, and the arid regions of Asia and this north of Africa 

 are their favourite stations; iu the Canaries, on volcanic soil, E. 

 Canarieruu and K. Injihylln form great bushes with anus like 

 candelabra*. From Cacti, which some of these plants much resemble, 

 they are readily known by their spines, wheu they hare any, not 

 growing in clusters, and by their emitting, when punctured, an 

 abundant discharge of milky juice. This, in a concrete state, forms 

 what is called the gum-resin, or rather resin, called Euphorbium, 

 an acrid, corrosive most dangerous drug, principally furnished by 



