r.VKHI.ASTINO FLO\VKl;s 



EXOCKTrs. 



Dafknt. All hnndsome, the following the inost to : D. Laureola, the 

 Spurge-Laurel, grow* well beneath trees; D, ponlica, with pale 

 green fragrant flowers ; and D. Oneormm, or Garland-Flower, one 

 of the most lovely and sweetly-perfumed plant* in the world, but 

 not to be cultivated except in a dry peaty soil and a well ventilated 

 situation ; late spring front* injure it so much that it is not worth 

 cultivating in valleys. [DAPIINK.] 



Jtniiiua ilrpmdtia, and some others. 



Erica Autiralii, E. cornea, S. tlricla, S. Mediterranea, E. codonoda. 

 [ERICA.] 



EKfUlonia rulra, E. illinila, E. Montcridcntit, handsome South 

 American shrubs. Bees take great delight in the blossoms of the 

 last ; the second species smells very strongly of melilot 



Garrya rllipiica, with long pendulous catkins of a yellowish-green 

 colour. [GAHBYA.] 



lienutn tincloria, the Dyers' Broom, with a few others. [GENISTA.] 



IfelunitlirmuiH, of all kinds, to cover rockwork, or ground where the 

 wet does not lodge in winter. 



AVuii'a lalifotia, K. anyustifolia, especially the first ; require peat, 

 [KALMIA.J 



Ltirandtda tpica and L. lalifolia, Common Lavender. [LAVAXDULA.] 



Lrdum lalifolittm, Labrador-Tea, and L. pahutre; low bushes requiring 

 peat [LEDCM.] 



Men:ietia jiolifvlia, Irish Heath; there is a white variety. [MEN- 



ZIES1A.] 



Myriiu coiamuiiu, and its varieties; lives out of doors south of London. 



[MYBTU8.] 



Pi-abut Laurocrramt, the Common Laurel ; P. Lmilanlcn, the Portugal 



Laurel. [PHUNUS.] 

 Pillotyorum TMra, quite hardy south of London ; sweet-scented. 



[PlTTOSPORUM.] 



Ratmarmiu officinal!*, Common Rosemary. [Rossi AH INUS.] 



Rhododendron. Numerous varieties are to be procured; those of 

 It. ponticum, R. mit.timum, and It. cataubiowe are the must robust; 

 }t, hybrid urn obtained between the Indian and American species is 

 less hardy ; R. ferrugineum and Jl. hirtutum, dwarf alpine species ; 

 R. cawpanulatum, a North Indian species. [RHODODENDRON.] 



fjmrtium Junceum, Spanish Broom ; aiid S. aculifolium, a Turkish 

 Broom. [SPABTH'M.J 



nbuiT, urn. -Of the Laurustinus, one of the prettiest of all Evergreens, 

 there are three species : V. Tinut, the Common Lauruatinus, the 

 hardiest : V. lucitlum, with shining leaves, rather larger and more 

 delicate; V. itrictum, with upright shoots, more hairy, and the 

 least hardy of the three. [ViBCBNCM.] 



Ultx Euroixeia, the Common Furze ; a double variety, which is 

 particularly handsome ; and [,'. ttrictiu, the Irish Furze, a smaller 

 species, which does not flower abundantly. [Ui.EX.] 



Yucca. Several species quite hardy. They only require to be grown 

 in places where water does not stagnate in winter; >'. gluriosa, 

 Y. flamtntota, Y. Draconit, Y. flaccida, and }'. tuperoa, are the 

 handsomest species. [YUCCA.] 



TWINERS or CLIMBERS. 



B!y*onia cajirtoiata, with dull brownish-red trumpet-shaped flowers; 



rather tender. [BloNONlA.] 

 Caprifolium fttjmotum, C. gratvm, C. Japontcwn, C. icmperrircni ; all 



handsome Honeysuckles. [CAFHIKOUACF.*.] 

 /tumtnwM revolution and offcinale, the Common White Jasmine. 



Tinea major and minor, the Larger and Smaller Periwinkle ; they are 



trailing plants. [ViNCA.J 



EVERLASTING FLOWERS. This name is popularly given to 

 certain plants whose flowers have the property of retaining their 

 brightness and colour for many months after being gathered. They 

 i>we this quality to a hardness of their tissue, which has exceedingly 

 little moisture to part with, and which, consequently, does not 

 collapse or decay in the progress of acquiring perfect dryness. It Is 

 generally in the scales of the involucre of composite plants or in the 

 bracts of others that this property resides. Those who wish to 

 possess such plants will easily find the following in the gardens ol 

 this country. 



Hardy Annuals. IMichrymm oracteatam (yellow), XeranHirmum 

 annum* (purple or white). 



Hardy Perennials. Antennaria dioica (pink), A. Irijilinerrii nnd 

 A. maryarilaeea (white). Ammoliinm alalum (white). Gnaphalium 

 itirchat and 0. artnarivm (yellow). 



Tender Annuals. Ilhodanlht Manyltrii (red), Morna nUida (yellow), 

 (jomphrena yloboia (purple). 



Greenhouse Shrubs or Herbaceous Plant'. Atttlma r.rimiwm (crim- 

 son), l/eUckrynim aryrnlrum (white), //. erieoiilti (pink), 11. Kiamoida, 

 11. proli/crum, and others (purple). 



EVERNIA. [LICHENS.] 



EVO'DIA (from ittttla, a sweet smell), a genus of Plants belonging 

 to the natural order Kutacerr. It has the calyx 4-{i-pnrtcd ; 4 

 petals; 4 5-stamcnit, smooth; the filamrnts subulate; the anthers 

 heart-shaped, moveable ; the disc cup-shaped, sinuatcd ; the ovary 

 single, deeply 5-lobed, with two collateral ovules in each cell ; the 

 rtylc single, very short; the stigma terminal, obtuse; the cocci 



2-valvcd, 1-seeded, with a separable 2-valved endocarp. The species 

 are shrubs and trees, with a grateful smell. 



K. frlirifuya is a tree, and has trifoliate leaves, the leaflets lanceolate 

 elliptical, somewhat acuminate ; the panicle terminal, downy ; the 

 ovary simple, watted. It is a native of the forests of the province 

 of Minos Genes in Brazil. The bark and young wood are bitt.-r 

 and astringent, and are employed by the medical practitioners of 

 Brazil as a tonic and febrifuge. 



/,'. hortentii has simple or trifoliate leaves, which are pubescent as 

 well as the branches. It is a native of the Friendly Inlands and the 

 New Hebrides. 



E. drupacea has smooth leaflets, and a 4 -seeded drupaceous fruit 

 It is a native of New Caledonia. The last two are shrubs. All the 

 species are worth cultivation on account of their agreeable scent 

 They may be grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and 

 propagated by means of cuttings, which should be allowed to strike 

 root under a hand-glass in heat 



(Lindley, Flora Sfedica ; Don, DicMamydeous Planli.) 



KXC.KCA'KIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Euphorbiacfir. It has monoecious or dioecious amentaceous flowers ; 

 the sterile flowers nothing but staminiferous bracts ; the stamens 7-9, 

 united into about three parcels, all connected at the base ; the fertile 

 flowers with the calyx 8-fid or absent; the style 3-parted; the 

 capsule 3-coccous. 



I-'. Ayallocha is a small crooked stunted tree, with alternate leaves 

 about the extremities of the branches, stalked, ovate, or cordate, but 

 usually acute at the base, smooth on both sides, remotely and slightly 

 serrate, pointed with two glands at the base, and about two inches 

 long; the petioles about an inch long, smooth, channelled; the 

 stipules small, fine-pointed. The trunk of this plant abounds in a 

 virulently acrid milk, which acts as a powerful poison. Roxburgh 

 says that wood-cutters who accidentally injure this tree have 

 inflammations and ulceratious on those parts of the body where the 

 milk touches. Rumphius calls this tree ' Arbor cxciecans,' and says 

 that the Dutch sailors who were scut ashore at Amboyna to cut 

 down timber became furiously mad from the pain produced by the 

 juice of this tree getting into their eyes, and that some of them lost 

 their sight altogether. This tree is common ou various parts of the 

 continent of India, and in the Indian Islands, especially near the 

 coast Its specific name appears to have been given it on the suppo- 

 sition that it was one of the plants that yielded the Ayallochum, or 

 Aloes- Wood, but this is not the case, and this wood is yielded by a 

 different family of plants. [AQUILABIACE.E.] 



(Lindley, Flora Medico). 



EXCENTROSTOMATA. [ECHIKTDX.] 



EXCRETION in Plants. [Rooi.] 



EXIDIA. [TREMILLINI.] 



KXILARIA. [DlATOMACE-E.] 



EXOCA'RPE^E, a small division of Thymelaceoua Plants. 

 [THYMEI.ACE.K] 



EXOCETUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the Abdominal Main- 

 coptcrygii, forming part of the family Etocidte. The distinguishing 

 characters are pectoral fins nearly equal to the body in length ; 

 head flattened above and on the sides ; the lower part of the body fur- 

 nished with a longitudinal series of carinated scales on each side ; 

 dorsal fin placed above the anal ; eyes large ; jaws furnished with 

 small pointed teeth. 



The species of this genus are called Flying Fishes. The species 

 of the genus Dactylopterut [DACTVLOPTERUS] are also known by this 

 name. 



The species of Exoceltu when in their own clement are constantly 

 harassed by various fishes of prey ; and it is supposed that their 

 flights are performed for the purpose of escaping from these enn 

 when in the air however they are subject to the attack of variovw 

 species of gulls. 



\Vhi-ther these fishes possess the power of flying, in the tme sense 

 of the term that is, by beating the air with their members, or 

 whether their largo fins merely serve as parachutes to sustain them 

 in the air for a short time, after a leap from the water, is not yet fully 

 ascertained ; observers having given different account*. The latter is 

 perhaps the prevailing opinion of naturalists, and is that of the more 

 recent observers. " I have never," observes Mr. George Bennett, the 

 author of ' Wanderings in New South Wales,' " been able to see any 

 percussion of the pectoral fins during flight ; and the greatest length 

 of time that I have seen this volatile fish on the fin has been thirty 

 seconds by the watch, and their longest flight mentioned by Captain 

 Hall has been 200 yards, but he thinks that subsequent observation 

 has extended the space. The most usual height of flight, as seen 

 above the surface of the water, is from two to three feet, but I have 

 known them come on board at a height of 14 feet and upwards ; and 

 they have been well ascertained to come into the channels of a liue-of- 

 battle ship, which is considered as high as 20 feet and upwards. 

 But it must not be supposed they have the power of elevating them- 

 selves in the air after having left their native element ; for, on watching 

 them, I have often seen them fall much below the elevation at 

 which they first rose from the water, but never in any one instance 

 could I observe them rise from the height at which they fir/t 

 xpraiig ; for I regard the elevation they take to depend on tl e 



