KXOOBNS 



BXOGESa 



N.B. It is exceedingly useful to mark this distinction by definite 

 terms : but then we must name the Ulk of the CaryopkfU**, 

 most I'mMliftra and latiata, Culmut ; the stem of Bambuta, 

 Calamtu, Piper, AriHolocMa, *.-., Calamut. In other respects 

 the expressions culrntu and calamtu hare no sense, since it could 

 only be defined u a stalk, such as occurs in the plants to which 

 such a stalk U ascribed, the former in some Grasses, the latter 

 in some Cypemcta. 



6. Different Axes of Compound Plants. 



A. Main Axis produced from the terminal bud of the embryo (Caulii 



vd Trmtctu primaritu). 



B. Secondary Axis, produced from axillary or adventitious buds 



(Caul it rtl Trunrui lecundarita). 



N.B. StiU connected with the main axis, called Branch or Twig 

 (Kamtu). 



C. Ramification of the Axis (Ramifcatio). Ramification of the Pedun- 



cuiut (Injtorttcentia). i 



D. Secondary Axis growing along underground, and its secondary axes 



alone rising above the soil, Root-Stock, Rhizome (Rhizoma). 



N.B. For Secondary Axes which lie upon the earth, because 

 they are too weak to stand erect, there are some special terms, 

 but these appear to me superfluous : Flagellum, Stolo, Sarmentum, 

 Runner, Sucker, which are sometimes to be distinguished by the 

 foliation, sometimes by the rooting, now one way and now another, 

 and again may be different from the Caulii repent, humifueus, 

 prottratui, procumbent, ilcrumbcns, tarmentaceut, and all the rest 

 of this manufactory of words, aud yet cannot be separated by 

 any characters. 



E. It is useful to discriminate, according to the ramification and 



duration, 



a. The simple plant, the lateral buds of which are flowers (llfrbula) 



e. g. Cutcula, ifyotunu : 



b. The branched stalk, Herb (Iferla], e. g. Anagallii, Veronica verna. 



c. With underground stems, stalks above ground, (Jndershrub (Suf- 



fruit*), c. g. Aconitum, Jfaptlivt, Paonia officinalis. 



d. Stem branched from below, without predominance of the main 

 stem, Bush (Frutex), e. g. /'runui tpinota. Juniper*! Sabma. 



i. Trunk, the lower branches of which soon die, and which only bean 

 a crown, Tree (Ardor), e. g. Pynu tcrminaiii, Fayui tylvatim. 



X . 1 '.. We also reckon among trees those stems also which branch 

 from below upward, but in which the main axis is developed in 

 far the greatest proportion, and may readily be traced to the 

 summit, e. g. Populiu diiatata, Abitt ejccetta. These might even 

 be called Arbor frulicota. 



If the great mass of Exogens are distinctly known from Endogeni 

 by their peculiar manner of growth and by the arrangement of 

 their woody matter, they are not less clearly defined by external 

 marks. 



Their leaves have the veins ramifying from the midrib, or ribs if 

 there are several, in so intricate a manner as to give the appearance 

 of irregular net-work. Their veins never run parallel with each other 

 without ramifications ; for if, as sometimes happens, they appear to 

 do so, it will be found that the appearance is confined to the principal 

 veins or ribs, and that the secondary veins between them ramify in 

 the usual way. The loaves are moreover in most cases articulated 

 with the stem, leaving behind them a clean scar when they die, not 

 rotting away and hanging upon the stem in the form of a ragged 

 sheath, as is common in Endogens. Moreover they are frequently 

 furnished with stipules, an unusual circumstance in Endogens. 



The flowers of Exogens are usually constructed upon a quinary 

 type ; that is, they have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 5 stamens, or sumo 

 power of that number; now and then they vary to a type of 4, or 

 they exceed the number 5 ; but we very rarely find the ternary 

 structure of Endogeus present in them. If, as in A nonacete, Berli, 

 and other orders, the sepals and petals follow a ternary type, t!u> 

 number 3 is lost in the stamens or the ovary. The natural 

 Mcnispermacea; is the only one among Exogens in which the ternary 

 type regularly pervades all the parts of the flower. 



In their manner of growth they rarely resemble Endogeus. The 

 consequence of the ramification of the veins is to give their leaves a 

 broad and rounded figure, the effect of which upon their j; 



Exogenous Vegetation. 



