873 



FORAMINIFERA. 



FORGET-ME-NOT. 



874 



The following table exhibits a summary of the distribution of the 

 genera : 



In Cainozoic Strata of Britain, according to Morris's Catalogue. 



Anomalina. PoJymorphina. 



Siloculina. Polystoniella. 



CritteUaria. Qtiiiujueloculina. 



Dentnlinn. Rotidina. 



Glandulina. Rosalind. 



Globiyerina. Rotalia. 



MarginiUina. Spiroloculina. 



Nodosaria. Textilaria. 



Nonionina. Trilocidina, 



Operculina. Truncatulina. 

 Planorbulina. 



In the Cainozoic Strata, taken generally, Broun enumerates 46 

 genera, and Ehrenberg has augmented the number. 



In Mesozoic Strata. Chalk 

 of Maestricht, Meudon, 

 \VilU, &c. 



(Morris's Catalogue.) 



Bvlimilina,. 



Crittellaria. 



Ventalina. 



Gaudryina. 



Globiyerina. 



Lituola. 



Marginulina. 



In Mesozoic Strata. Oolite 

 of Caen. (Bronn.) 



Oolite of StonesBeld. 

 Oolite of Yorkshire. 



In Palaeozoic Strata. Moun- 

 tain Limestone of Bristol. 



Roialina. 



Rotalia (7 species British). 



Fiderolina. 



Spirolina. 



Tcxtilaria. 



Truncatiithi'r. 



Turbinulina. 



Cnstellaria. 



Planularia. 



Tejctilaria (?). 



Rotalia (!). 



Rotalia (?). 



Textilaria (>). frequent. 



TextUaria (.'). 



Limestone of South Devon. Genus (?). 



In a fossil state the shells of Rotalia show the minute perforations 

 through which the pseudopodous tentacula passed, and by a careful 

 examination of the remains of those bodies embalmed in flint Dr. 

 Mantell (' Medals of Geology,' TO), i. p. 232) has shown the general 

 internal arrangement of the shell, and general form, if not the minute 



Foramiiiiftr of the Mountain Limestone, forming the centre of an oolitic grain, 

 J'owcr 120. (Original.) 



Foiamini/rra of the Chalk, obtained by brushing it in water. 

 POWCT 120. (Original.) 



organisation, of the animal inhabitant. In a communication to the 

 Geological Society of London this author has expressed his opinion 

 that the soft body of Kotalia is actually silicified, and distinguishable 

 by colour from the clearer flint which has replaced the shell. 



The relation of the Fossil Foraminifera to the recent types is perhaps 

 closer than that of most other tribes. It appears not only that several 

 Tertiary forms are identical with living species, but further, according 

 to Ehreuberg, that no less than nine or ten Foraminifera of the Chalk 

 are undistiuguishable from existing species. The following is the list 

 of those species and the localities where they occur in real Chalk : 



1. Globiyerina, bulloides 



2. Globigerina, helicina 



3. Sosalina globularis 



4. Kotalia ocellata . 



5. Rotalia gloltulosa . 



6. Rotalia perforata 



7. Rotalia turgida 



8. Textilaria aciculata 



9. Textilaria globulosa 

 10. Spirolina cylindracea 



Denmark. 



Cattolica. 



Graveseud. 



Cattolica. 



Riigen. 



Cattolica. 



Graveseud. 



Brighton. 



Riigen. 



Paris. 



Even if some doubt must remain as to the exact identity of the 

 specific forms thus declared to occur, both in recent and in cretaceous 

 beds, the analogies are too close and too numerous to allow of hesi- 

 tation in admitting that the Foraminiferous races of the Mesozoie and 

 Cainozoic periods have more decided affinity than appears in any 

 other group of organic life. As some of the Polypiaria of the Silurian 

 series pass upwards into the Devonian era, some of the Foraminifera 

 of the Chalk, with Terebratula vitrea and T. Caput Serpentis, appear to 

 reach our own day ; and thus by feeble, but not to be neglected links, 

 the systems of ancient and modern life are united into one only 

 partially discontinuous series ; the seeming interruptions being in the 

 higher grades of life, the less striking connections being formed by 

 the simpler marine organic structures, which might better survive 

 great physical catastrophes, and better endure successive variations 

 ill the condition of the sea. 



FORBIDDEN FRUIT. [CiTnns.] 



FOREST-FLY. [HIPPOBOSCA.] 



FOREST-MARBLE, one of the upper beds of the Bath Oolite 

 aeries. [OOLITE.] 



FORFICU'LID^E, a family of Insects belonging to the order 

 Orthopttra, and, according to some authors, constituting the order 

 Dermaptera. 



To this family belong the various species of Earwigs. They are 

 distinguished from the Orthopterous Insects (excepting the lilatla; 

 and the Mantis tribes, which with the forficul(e constitute Latreille's 

 family Cursoria) by having the posterior legs formed for running. 

 Their wings, when folded, are almost always disposed horizontally on 

 the body. The females have no corneous ovipositor. Both sexes 

 however are furnished with two corneous forcep-like appendages at 

 the hinder extremity of the body. The antenna; are slender, filiform, 

 inserted before the eyes, and vary considerably as to the number of 

 their joints; the thorax is generally of a rounded form, and but 

 slightly convex. 



The family Forficulida is divided by Dr. Leach into three genera, 

 the principal characters of which are taken from the number of joints 

 to the antennae. This first genus, that to which he restricted the 

 name of Forficula, is distinguished by having 14 joints to the antenna). 

 In the next genus (Labidoura) the antennae have 30 joints ; and in the 

 last, the genus Labia, the antennae are 12-jointed. 



To the first of these genera belongs our common Earwig (Forficula 

 auricularia, Linn.), an insect too well known to require a description. 



Earwigs appear to prefer damp situations ; are found under stones 

 and under the bark of trees, frequently in great abundance. They 

 are also found in flowers, which they destroy by eating the leaves, &c. 



A remarkable fact connected with the habits of the Earwig is, that 

 the female sits upon her eggs in the manner of the hen ; and the 

 voung (which resemble the parent, except in being of a paler colour 

 and having neither wings nor elytra), as soon as they are hatched, 

 creep under the belly of the mother for protection. 



The wings of the Earwig are transparent, of large size, and when 

 expanded are shaded like a fan : the principal nervures radiate from 

 one point near the anterior margin. These organs when not in uee 

 are folded beneath two small horny wing-cases, and hence to the 

 common observer the animal appears wingless. 



The male and female common Earwig differ considerably in their 

 anal forceps, those of the female being less curved and destitute of a 

 tooth-like process which is observed on the inner side at the base of 

 the forceps of the male. 



There is in this country another species of Earwig almost equally 

 common with that we have just noticed, but which is of a much 

 smaller size. It is found about hot-beds and dunghills, and differs 

 from the common Earwig somewhat in its habits as well as in its 

 structure. This belongs to the genus Labia. 



One species of the genus Labidoura is also found in England, but 

 is of rare occurrence. It is of a much larger size than the common 

 Earwig. 



FORGET-ME-NOT. [Mvosolis.] 



