xi Locke, Kant, and Spencer. 229 



was natural enough when the idea of Evolution as 

 applied to Mind was unknown, and every fact of life 

 and mind was directly referred to Creative Will. 



Locke, writing long before the time of Kant, though 

 he did not question the doctrine of the separate 

 existence of Mind, yet maintained that these forms of 

 thought are the results of experience through the 

 perceptions. This never was quite a satisfactory 

 explanation ; even if the process of acquiring these 

 conceptions by experience were proved to be possible, 

 it is difficult to believe that every one can have acquired 

 them so easily and unconsciously that the process has 

 left no trace in the memory. 



But now that the doctrine of Evolution is applied 

 to all life, sentient as well as insentient, mental as 

 well as organic, Locke's theory of these conceptions 

 being derived from experience has been revived, 

 chiefly by Herbert Spencer, but in a greatly improved 

 form. Spencer's theory is that they are results of 

 experience which have become forms of thought ; 

 results of the inherited experience of the race, which 

 have become forms of thought for the individual. 

 This theory professes to combine all that is true in 

 the theories of both Locke and Kant. It professes 

 to be an explanation where Kant only offered a 

 generalised statement, and to be a sufficient explana- 

 tion where Locke offered a totally inadequate one. 

 It is obviously a great improvement on both of the 

 theories which it professes to combine and complete. 

 Time, Space, and Causation, or Force, are elements 



