viii Contents. 



LECTURE III. 



ADAPTATION OF ANIMALS TO THE WORLD BY STRUCTURE, 

 FUNCTION, AND INSTINCT. 



PACK 



Adaptation of Animals to the World. Special adaptations. Chance excluded. 

 Man as a physical being differs only in degree. His sources of enjoyment 

 complex. In animals nothing but adaptations to this world. Whole classes 

 to be treated of. Water Animals Microscopic Coral Animals. Jelly- 

 fishes Starfishes. Mollusks. Perfect provision for each form. The Pinna. 

 Saxicavas. Nautilus. Worms Crustaceans. Insects. Fishes. Rep- 

 tiles. Birds. Fitted for change of season. Hibernation. Relation to 

 length of year. Instinct. Supplements structure and function. Gives 

 higher type of life Defined Intelligence in Animals. Vegetative life in 

 Animals. Relation of instinct to specific structure. The Natica. Instinct 

 often blind in its action. The Cicada. Tent moth. Migration of fishes. 

 Conscious parental relation in birds. Uniformity of action resulting from 

 instinct. Wide range of instinct in Mammals. The Muskrat. Instinct of 

 the young supplemented by that of the parent. The body and mind fitted 

 for each other 78 



LECTURE IV. 



SPECIAL CONTRIVANCES PRESERVATION OF SPECIES. 



Special adaptations. Functions. Cases mentioned by Paley. Ball and socket 

 joint. Cuttle-fish. Terebratu'as. Leech. Gnats. Bees. Spiders. Vari- 

 ation of substance according to their instinct. Silk- worm. Lobsters and 

 Crabs. Rattlesnake. Birds. Fitted for fight Oil gland. Structure of 

 birds of prey. Water birds. Form of bills. Grebe and Loon. Waders. 

 Woodpeckers Development from use consi :lered. Homologous structure. 

 Limbs of animals. Teeth. Whales and Rays. Crop of birds. Preserva- 

 tion of species. Definition of. Multiplicity of germs. Distribution of 

 seeds Springs, balloons, hooks, barbs. Same end secured by diverse 

 means Vitality of seeds. Fertilization of flowers. Growth of plants sup- 

 plementing instinct. Carnivorous animals limited in number. Destruction 

 of animals provided for. Suffering and death Goodness of Deity to be 

 vindicated. Man's enjoyment and suffering on different grounds. Present 

 discussion confined to lower animals. Suffering never inflicted for its own 

 sake. Enjoyment in excess of suffering. Death secures parental relation. 

 Sum of enjoyment increased by succession of animals Introduction of car- 

 nivorous animals increases the sum of enjoyment. Disease. Provision for 

 its alleviation. Design may show cruelty. Apparent cruelty often real bene- 

 volence. Creator Infinite in His attributes 103 



LECTURE V. 



ADAPTATION OF PLANTS TO THE WORLD. 



Design in plants seen only in organization. Natural selection. Provision 

 made by plants compared with instinct. Wisdom manifested by instinct 

 referred to the Creator. Relation of plants to earth and air. Polarity. 

 Structure of leaves. Fall of leaf. Structure of wide-leaved trees. Of ever- 



