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the variations, been a single instance where the 

 type of the animal was really changed ? Would not 

 all horses be recognised as horses the world over ? 

 \Ve find in all these cases certain distinct lines be- 

 yond which variation never goes. When it is said 

 that the horse and the ox may have come from the 

 same stock, not a particle of historical proof can be 

 given in support of it. And when it is said that 

 m;m descended from the apes, it is a mere gratui- 

 tous lowering of human dignity. 



Now the fact of variation being granted, we be- 

 lieve it can be shown that it is not accidental, but 

 that it works for a definite purpose and within p 

 scribed limits. As this variation among organic 

 beings is a strong point with those who would either 

 theorize God out of the universe, or rob Him of the 

 character of a Creator, except as one acting through 

 secondary agencies, creating thousands of defective 

 forms to die out, for one perfect enough to hold its 

 place in the world ; in fine, of those who would in any 

 way ignore the Bible account of creation we shall 

 be justified in treating the final cause of varieties at 

 considerable length. And in doing this we shall 

 have to introduce other material, that we may show 

 how variation harmonizes with other characteristics 

 to better fit the species for the world. If species 

 were the direct creation of a wise Being, as the Bi- 

 ble declares, we should expect to find them endowed 

 with properties fitting them to be of most use in the 

 world, and thftt those most needful for man would 

 have powers and capabilities adapting them to his 



