SECOND GRADE WINTER WORK 10? 



are cut down, and then cut into logs of a convenient length 

 and dragged over the snow to the edge of a river, where, in 

 the spring, they will float down to the sawmills below. Each 

 log is so marked that if more than one mill is on the river, 

 the workmen at each will take only those logs belonging to 

 it. The logs are placed on a sliding framework which 

 moves past a saw or set of saws, carrying the logs with it. 

 The saws cut each log into boards of the required thickness. 

 Cut the sample piece of a tree or limb lengthwise into 

 strips resembling boards. If a small circular saw can be 

 used for this, it will be better, but a handsaw will do. 

 Show the class how the first and last boards will be slabs and 

 the edges of all will be irregular, and have to be trimmed 

 afterward. Show how a limb causes a knot, and many knots 

 will spoil the lumber. Study, also, the grain and how knots 

 influence it; also how the relation of the surface of the 

 board to the heart of the tree affects the grain. 



LESSON XXX 

 SIMPLE PROPERTIES OF WOOD 



Show the pupils samples of oak, pine, poplar, maple, birch, 

 walnut, and other kinds of lumber. Have the pupils note 

 the grains and textures so that they can easily recognize each 

 of the common kinds at sight. If convenient, teach them in 

 like manner some of the more costly woods, as mahogany, 

 rosewood, cherry, ebony, etc., used in cabinet work and 

 musical instruments. 



From the branch of a tree, cut cross sections, diagonal 

 sections, and longitudinal pieces to illustrate the grain, which 

 often makes wood so beautiful. 



