THIRD GRADE WINTER WORK 157 



Application. From this experiment let the pupils suggest 

 how they would make a match, which begins to burn with 

 the slight heat created by rubbing it on a rough surface. 

 Why use wood for the body of the match? If the end be 

 dipped into melted sulphur, will that make a satisfactory 

 match? Why is it capped with phosphorus? Just as the 

 paper or shavings in burning create enough heat to fire the 

 kindlings, which, in turn, makes the coal hot enough to burn, 

 so the phosphorus makes enough heat to start the sulphur, 

 and the sulphur then produces enough heat to ignite the 

 match. 



This is the history of fire making in modern times. The 

 teacher may discuss in another lesson the ancient ways of 

 doing it. 



LESSON XXXI 

 LIGHTING OUR HOMES 



What are the principal kinds of light used to light our 

 homes at night ? Tell how the candle is made. If possible, 

 make some such as were used a generation ago. Compare 

 the lighting power of a candle with that of our ordinary lamp. 

 Discuss the materials from which candles are made now, and 

 those from which were made the candles used by our grand- 

 mothers. 



Study a coal oil lamp. Name and describe its parts and 

 their uses. Note how it is supplied with air and oil, and the 

 effect of curtailing the supply of either. How do accidents 

 often happen with such lamps? Teach pupils caution in 

 using them. 



Where does gas come from ? How is it made ? How does 

 it get into our houses? Examine the gas pipes and fixtures. 



