BAYER, IIIERONYMU8 J. P. VON. 



BELGIUM. 



69 



after took a great interest in her success. The 

 iiii[>iv>M<>ns received on a journey through the 

 liii-Miiii -toppe caused her to devote herself to 

 a literary career. Upon her return to Ger- 

 iiiniiy she settled in Dresden, and here, in 1869, 

 published her first novel. Her lust novel, " Ein 

 !><M iinieiit," was not finished, one volume only 

 having appeared at the time of her death. Her 

 uovrls are chiefly descriptions of Russian life. 



1! AY Kit, IllKKONYMUS JOHANN PAUL VON, 



a German jurist and scholar, born September 

 Jl, ITiii'; died June 13, 1876. After studying 

 law at the Universities of Salzburg, Landshut, 

 and Cottingen, he became in 1816 Privatdocent 

 in the law faculty of the University of Lands- 

 h.it ; in 1819 he was appointed extraordinary 

 and in 1820 ordinary professor. After the re- 

 moval of the University of Landshut to Munich, 

 he five times occupied the position of rector. 

 In 1853 he was appointed a life-member of 

 the Upper Chamber of the Bavarian Diet. He 

 is the author of a number of highly valuable 

 works on law, among which are: ''Vortrage 

 fiber den deutschen gemeinen ordentlichen 

 Civilprocess" (tenth edition, 1869); "Theorie 

 der summarischen Processe" (seventh edition, 

 1859); ''Theorie des Concursprocesses nach 

 gemeinem Rechte " (fourth edition, 1868). 



BELGIUM, a kingdom of Europe. Leopold 

 11.. King of the Belgians, was born April 9, 

 1835, son of King Leopold I., former Duke of 

 Saxe-Coburg; ascended the throne at the death 

 of his father, December 10, 1865 ; was married 

 August 22, 1853, to Marie Henriette, daughter 

 of the late Archduke Joseph of Austria, born 

 August 23, 1836. Offspring of this union are 

 three daughters. Heir-apparent to the throne is 

 the brother of the King, Philip, Count of Flan- 

 ders, born March 24. 1827, lieutenant-general 

 in the service of Belgium, married April 26, 

 1867, to Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sig- 

 maringen, born November 17, 1845 ; offspring of 

 the union is a son, Baldwin, born July 3, 1869. 



The area of the kingdom is 11,373 square 

 miles; population, accordiug to the last cen- 

 sus, taken in 1866. 4,737,833; according to an 

 official calculation of December, 1874, 5,336,- 

 ('-I. Of this population, 54 per cent, belong 

 to the Flemish and 44 to the Walloon-French 

 nationality. The following table exhibits the 

 population of each province of the kingdom 

 on December 31, 1874, as well as the number 

 of arrondissements and communes into which 

 each province is divided : 



The movement of population was OB follows 

 in 1874: 



From these tables we derive the following 

 facts : The number of boys born for 100 girls 

 was 105.3, the number of inhabitants for one 

 birth 30.2, the number of births per 100 deaths 

 158.7, and the number of inhabitants for one 

 death 47.9. In the same year the number of 

 still-born amounted to 7,750, 4,451 males and 

 3,299 females, and the number of divorces to 

 120. Of the births, 161,882 were legitimate 

 and 12,096 illegitimate, and of the still-born 

 6,974 were legitimate and 776 illegitimate, 

 making in all 168,856 legitimate and 12,872 

 illegitimate births. 



In 1874 there were four communes with over 

 100,000 inhabitants, twelve communes with 

 from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants, thirty-eight 

 communes with from 10,000 to 25,000, ninety- 

 eight communes with from 5,000 to 10,000, 

 1,207 with from 1,000 to 5,000, and 1,213 with 

 less than 1,000 inhabitants. 



Instruction is well cared for in all grades. 

 In 1872 there were 5,678 primary schools with 

 618,937 pupils. Schools for adults have been 

 established in most communes. Their number 

 in 1872 was 2,351, with 199,957 pupils. The 

 number of normal schools for primary teachers 

 was, in 1874, 37, with 2,336 students, of which 

 22 schools, with 1,132 students, were for fe- 

 males. The number of secondary schools in 

 1874-'75 was 168, with 17,763 pupils. Superior 

 instruction is imparted in the two state Uni- 

 versities of Ghent and Li6ge, and the two free 

 Universities of Brussels and Louvain. The 

 number of students in each of these in 1874 

 was as follows : 



CMIVEBSITIK8. Stodtnto. 



Ghent 221 



Liege 641 



Brussels 555 



Lou vain. 955 



Total 2,278 



The Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ant- 

 werp had, in 1874, 1,601 students. There 

 were, besides the Antwerp Academy, 80 other 

 academies of design and drawing-schools, with 

 10,191 pupils; a Conservatory of Music at 

 Brussels with 594, another at Liege with 609 

 pupils, and 46 other conservatories of music, 

 with 8,932 pupils. The expenses for primary 

 instruction in 1878 amounted to 18,076,685 

 francs, and the expenses of the two govern- 

 ment universities in 1874 were 949,990 francs. 



