CENTRAL AMERICA. 



CHEMISTRY. 



the Revolution of February 24, 1848. He was 

 elected a member of tbe Academy ill 1863. 

 Appearing as a candidate for a seat in the 

 Legislature in 1869, he was defeated. He re- 

 ceived the decoration of the Legion of Honor 

 in 1837. Ho was the author of numerous 

 works, among which are " Vues sur I'Histoire 

 Contemporaine " (1888), " Du Gouvernement 

 Reprfisentatif en France et en Angleterre " 

 (1841), and "L'Europe et le Second Empire" 

 (1865). Ho also furnished numerous contribu- 

 tions to the Revue Europeenne, the Encyclope- 

 dic du XlXme Siecle, the Dictionnaire de la 

 Conversation, the Revue des Deux Mondes, and 

 numerous journals. His son Louis accompa- 

 nied the French Scientific Expedition to Indo- 

 Chiiia in 1866 to 1868, and gained consider- 

 able reputation by his contributions to the 

 Revue des Deux Mondes, on that country. 



CENTRAL AMERICA (AMERICA CENTRAL), 

 the isthmian territory comprised between 

 Mexico and Colombia, and the Atlantic and 

 Pacific Oceans, and serving to unite the north- 

 ern and southern continents of America. 



It comprises the five independent states of 

 Guatemala, Honduras, San Salvador, Nicara- 

 gua, and Costa Rica, formerly united under a 

 single Government, known as the Republic of 

 Central America. 



On February 22, 1876, the plenipotentiaries 

 for the reSstablishment of the Central Ameri- 

 can Confederation retired " to their respective 

 homes," leaving the prospects of reconstruc- 

 tion as meagre as at the time of their assem- 

 bling. The spirit of union, nevertheless, still 

 exists in the breasts of the people, though it is 

 manifested with greatest earnestness in Guate- 

 mala, by far the most progressive of the five 

 states. 



On September 15, 1876, the anniversary 

 of Central American independence was cele- 

 brated in all of them with unabated patriotism, 

 and in the midst of enthusiastic rejoicings. In 

 the national palace of Guatemala, Sefior T. 

 Martin Barrundia, of the War Department, 

 delivered an oration, the concluding remarks 

 of which reflect the prevailing policy at the 

 present time in that country respecting Cen- 

 tral American reunification : " It is on this day 

 that we ought all to strive to join in the prayer 

 that these five sections of the same territory 

 may soon form one family, united under one 

 and the same flag, and so present to the world 

 the grand spectacle of another republic founded 

 by thorn, like that of Washington or William 

 Tell." 



Through the mediation of the British Gov- 

 ernment, the consent of the Government of 

 San Salvador to a satisfactory settlement of 

 the outstanding bonds for the Salvadorian por- 

 tion of the original Central American debt 

 was obtained. New difficulties, created by 

 the minister of the republic in London, appear, 

 however, to offer an obstacle to the immediate 

 surrender of the bonds. A memorial has been 

 sent to the San Salvador Government, through 



the Foreign Office, appealing against farther 

 delay. 



C1IAIX D'EST ANGE, GCBTAVE Locw 

 VICTOR ADOLPHE CHARLES, a French lawyer 

 and politician, born April 11, 1800; died De- 

 cember 14, 1876. He took an active part in 

 the exciting events of 1830 and 1848, and was 

 engaged in numerous celebrated trials. At the 

 end of 1857 he was appointed procureur gene- 

 ral at the Imperial Court in Paris. He was 

 appointed shortly after Councilor of State, and 

 in 1862 was created a Senator of the Empire. 

 In 1868 he was appointed Vice-President of 

 the Council of State, and in 1864 was assigned 

 to preside over the section of Public Works and 

 Fine Arts. He took an active part in the Corps 

 L6gislatif as commissioner of the Government, 

 and in 1868 presented to the Senate a report 

 on the celebrated petition of the Catholics 

 demanding free superior instruction. He was 

 created a Commander of the Legion of Honor 

 in 1858, and a Grand Officer in 1861. 



CHELIUS, MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH, an eminent 

 German surgeon, born in 1794; died August 17, 

 1876. He studied at Mannheim and Heidelberg, 

 receiving at the age of eighteen the diploma of 

 Doctor of Medicine. He practised medicine 

 in several cities, was physician to the hospital 

 at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and accompanied the 

 Baden troops in the invasion of France after 

 the overthrow of Napoleon I. He subsequent- 

 ly increased his knowledge of surgery and 

 medicine by attending a course of lectures at 

 the hospitals and universities of Vienna, G6t- 

 tingen, Berlin, and Paris. In 1817 he was 

 appointed Extraordinary and in 1819 Ordinary 

 Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg. In 1826 

 he was created a ducal councilor of Baden. 

 His best-known work is his " Handbuch der 

 Chirurgie" (2 vols., seventh edition, 1851), 

 which has been translated into several lan- 

 guages, and is considered a standard work on 

 surgery. He was also the author of "Ueber 

 die Heilung der Blasenscheidenfisteln durch 

 Cauterisation" (1844), and "Zur Lehre von 

 den Staphylomen des Auges" (1858). 



CHEMISTRY. Chemistry of the Brain. 

 Mr. Charles T. Kingsett, assistant of Dr. Thu- 

 dichum, in his researches into the chemical 

 constitution of the brain, in a lecture before 

 the Liverpool Chemists' Association, stated as 

 follows the constituents of brain-substance: 



TABLE SHOWING CONSTITUENTS OF THE BRAIN. 



GBOIP OF 8ULPHURIZM) PRINCIPLES. 



Albumen C, ,11, ,,!*,, SO,, 



GROUP OF PHOSPnORIZXO PRINCIPLED. 



Sub-Group <tf A'fjifialins. 



Kephalln C <t H T( N PO, 



Kephaloldin C 41 H,,N 1*! 



Oxy-kephalin C 4t H,,N PO, 



Peroxy-kephaHn (\,H T ,N PO, 



Amido-kephaUn C 4 H g ,N.PO, 



Giving compounds with PtCl 4 ; CdCI,; Pb; adds, baM* 

 and salts. 



Sub- Group of Jfytlin*. 



Myelin C 4 ,H M N PO 



Oxy-myeltn ^."li* PO,, 



Anildo-myelln C 4 ,H,,N,PO lt , 



Compounds as with kephattn. 



