CHINA. 



107 



puMic schools had in 1875 an attendance of 

 65,875 pupils, and the private schools, 28,680 ; 

 or u total of 89,505 pupils. The outlay for 

 the schools lui> amounted to $801,522.14. 



One of the first arts of Senor Ainunutegui, 

 tin- new Minister of Instruction, was to abolish 

 the obligatory study of Latin by candidates 

 for university degrees. The student can now 

 choose between Latin and one living language, 

 or French, English, and German. The clergy 

 are greatly incensed at this measure, and firmly 

 sustain the time-honored custom. They advert 

 to tiie many perils to be apprehended from the 

 proposed change, and prophesy the utter ex- 

 tinction of Latin as a branch of study in a short 

 time. They, however, unadvisedly consider 

 English as only of use occasionally, in matters 

 of commerce, and likely to be soon forgotten. 



The Constituyente of Copiap6 announces 

 the proximate arrival of the machinery re- 

 quired for working the borax-deposits of Mari- 

 cunga, of which great expectations are formed. 



The presidential elections, which took place 

 on June 25, 1876, were marked by the most 

 perfect tranquillity. The Clerical (Mackenna) 

 party, foreseeing the futility of the. contest, 

 forbore from even voting ; and Sefior Anibal 

 Pinto, the Government candidate, was elected 

 by a large majority. 



CHINA, an empire in Asia. Emperor, 

 Kwang-liu, formerly called Tsaeteen, born in 

 1872, a son of Prince Ch'un, and grandson of 

 the Emperor Tan-Kwang, who died in 1850; 

 succeeded to the throne in January, 1875. 



The following table exhibits the area of the 

 different provinces according to the latest es- 

 timates, and the population according to the 

 estimate of 1842, which may be considered the 

 most reliable at the present time : 



The number of foreigners in the treaty port* 

 was as follows : 



British 1,811 j Dutch 



Americans 641 



Germans 867 



French 811 



Spaniards 108 



Danes 66 



Russian! .. 65 



Swedes 88 



H 



.-. 

 N 



Italian*. 



Austrian* 



Japanese 



Belgians H 



Countries without tres- 

 tles 865 



Total Jjb',9 



The estimates of the population of the larger 

 cities vary very much. The following ore the 

 latest estimates for the treaty ports, except for 

 Peking, where the figures of 1846 are retained : 



Cheefoo 120.000 



Ningpo 116,000 



Newchwang 60.000 



Tamsul and KUslng 60,000 



Swatow 45,000 



Kiukiang 86,000 



Peking 1,64S,814 



Canton 1,000,000 



Tientsin 980,000 



Hankow 600,000 



Foochow 600,000 



Amoy 800,000 



Shanghai 276,640 



Takao 222,000 



Chlnkiang 180,000 



Kiungchow (opened 



In 1876) 10,000 



(For on account of the revenue and cus- 

 toms duties, see ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1874.) 

 The amount of the home debt is not known. 

 In 1874 the Chinese Government contracted 

 the first foreign loan, to the amount of 627,675. 

 This loan was issued at 95$, bears 8$ interest, 

 and is secured by the customs duties. 



The foreign commerce for the years 1872 to 

 1875 was as follows (in taels, 1 tael = $1.61) : 



The commerce with the different foreign 

 countries was as follows : 



The foreign trade of the different treaty 

 ports in 1875 was as follows (in taels) : 



* The commerce through Hong-Kong WM chiefly wth On al 

 Britain. 



