112 



CHINA. 



whether the road of iron between "Woosung 

 and Shanghai was really a " suitable " one ; 

 and the governor at last consented to submit 

 this point to the superior officials at Peking. 

 Before an answer could be received, trains 

 were running all the way from Shanghai to 

 "Woosung. An authorization arrived from Pe- 

 king to tolerate what the foreigners had already 

 completed, which gave them the right of keep- 

 ing open the entire line. In December the 

 railroad was mobbed by the natives, and was 

 forced to stop running for a time. 



Li-Hung-Chang, the Viceroy of Chihli, and 

 First Secretary of State, who was select- 

 ed to conduct the negotiations with Minister 

 "Wade, is regarded as the implacable enemy of 

 foreigners and the leading opponent of prog- 

 ress. He was the second of five brothers, sons 

 of a poor literary man. During the Taiping 

 rebellion he offered his services to the Govern- 

 ment, and, besides rising rapidly in military 

 rank, he gained much imperial favor. Al- 

 though accused of the foulest treachery in be- 

 heading the rebel kings, whose lives he had 

 guaranteed, after the fall of Soochow, he was 

 created a noble, and invested with the yellow 

 jacket, the highest honor in China for military 



achievements. In 1864 he founded the Im- 

 perial Arsenal at Nanking, and supplied it both 

 with skilled workmen and all the apparatus 

 necessary for making guns, torpedoes, rockets, 

 shells, and other war implements. In 1865, 

 after the fall of Nanking, he was made govern- 

 or-general; in 1866 he went north, and put an 

 end to the Nieufli insurrection; in 1870 was or- 

 dered to fight the Mohammedan rebels in Shan- 

 si and Kiangsi, but, while en route, he was re- 

 called and made Governor-General of Chihli, 

 and in 1872 was raised to the rank of a second- 

 class noble. He is about fifty-five years of age. 

 The following table of the distribution of 

 missionaries of different Protestant societies 

 in China, in 1874, has been compiled on the 

 basis of a like tahle furnished in 1875 to Euro- 

 pean readers by the China Inland Missionary 

 Society. Besides the missionaries included in 

 the table, the Southern Presbyterians had one 

 missionary at Ningpo in the Chihkiang Prov- 

 ince, the Irish Presbyterians two, and the Scot- 

 tish United Presbyterians one, in Mantchooria, 

 not in China proper. The number of stations 

 occupied was thirty-one in the whole empire. 

 The population of the provinces is given in 

 round numbers: 



The Chinese Recorder for September and October, 1875, gives the following tables of mis- 

 sionaries in China and some adjacent countries: 



