218 



CREMER, CAMILLE. 



CUSHMAN, CHARLOTTE S. 



nearly the whole time occupied by the process. 

 About an hour after the burning began, a rose- 

 colored, misty light surrounding the body was 

 observed; in another hour the body had be- 

 come red-hot, and the rosy mist had turned to 

 a golden color. At 10.40 o'clock the crema- 

 tion was declared practically complete ; at 

 11.12 o'clock the remains had quite lost the 

 form of a body ; at 12 o'clock the fires were 

 drawn and the ashes were left to cool. No 

 odors were noticeable during the process, ex- 

 cept immediately at the lid of the retort. The 

 ashes of the deceased were collected the next 

 day and placed in a Hindoo urn. A public 

 meeting was held on the 6th at Washington, 

 at which addresses were made advocating cre- 

 mation, and reciting the history of the move- 

 ment in its favor. It is stated that forty 

 bushels of coke were consumed in the burning, 

 and that the whole direct cost of the operation 

 was $7.04. Little progress has been made in 

 commending cremation to the American peo- 

 ple. It is generally objected to on various 

 grounds of custom, religion, association, or 

 prejudice. It is opposed by ministers of most 

 of the religions denominations, a large number 

 of whom believe it to indicate a belief incon- 

 sistent with the doctrine of the resurrection of 

 the body. 



CREMER, CAMILLE, a French general, born 

 August 6, 1840; died April 2, 1876. He en- 

 tered the Military School of Saint-Cyr in 1857, 

 graduated in 1861, second in his class, distin- 

 guished himself in Mexico as lieutenant of 

 Zouaves, and was appointed captain of the 

 general staff in 1866. He took part in the 

 German-French War as aide-de-camp of Gen- 

 eral Clinchant, of the Third Army Corps, com- 

 manded by Marshal Bazaine. He served be- 

 fore Metz until after the fall of that city. The 

 Moniteur Officiel of Versailles of February 7, 

 1871, published an agreement dated October 

 31, 1870, by which Captain Cremer gave his 

 word of honor not to take arms against Ger- 

 many during that war. However that may 

 be, he placed himself at the disposal of the 

 government at Tours, and received in Novem- 

 ber, 1870, the command of a newly-formed 

 army corps, with the rank of general of divis- 

 ion. He supported the movements of Bour- 

 baki on Belfort, and with him was forced to 

 retreat. When the insurrection broke out in 

 Paris on March 18, 1871, he immediately re- 

 paired thither. On the 21st he had an in- 

 terview with the Central Committee, which 

 offered him the chief command, afterward 

 reserved for Garibaldi. He did not accept it, 

 and left the capital, after having actively con- 

 tributed to the liberation of General Chanzy. 

 At the revision of the grades, the committee 

 of the Assembly accorded to him the title of 

 chief of battalion only. He refused it, and 

 sent in his resignation in a letter addressed to 

 the Minister of War, couched in strong lan- 

 guage, which was afterward published. In 

 January, 1872, he was summoned before the 



judge of instruction of Beaune, for the sum- 

 mary execution of a grocer of Dijon in Jan- 

 uary, 1871, on a charge of espionage. This 

 affair, after creating considerable excitement, 

 seemed to terminate in the incompetency of 

 the court. But in April, 1872, it was carried 

 before the first council of war sitting at Lyons, 

 which, with some regard to the former rank of 

 the accused, was composed of three marshals 

 and four generals of division. He was found 

 guilty of homicide through imprudence, and 

 was sentenced to one month's imprisonment. 



CUMMINS, the Right Reverend GEORGE 

 DAVID, was born in Smyrna, Del., December 

 11, 1822; died at Lutherville, near Baltimore, 

 Md., June 26, 1876. He graduated at Dickin- 

 son College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1841, and was 

 ordained deacon by Bishop Lee of Delaware 

 in 1845, and presbyter in 1847. He was a 

 pastor in Norfolk, Va., Richmond, Washing- 

 ton, Baltimore, and Chicago. In 1866 he be- 

 came Assistant Bishop of Kentucky. On 

 October 8, 1873, Bishop Cummins made a 

 memorable address before the Evangelical 

 Alliance, then in session in New York, and on 

 the 12th assisted in the administration of the 

 holy communion in Dr. John Hall's church 

 (Presbyterian). Soon after appeared Bishop 

 Tozer's letter of appeal and complaint to 

 Bishop Potter of New York, and on the 10th 

 of December Bishop Cummins resigned his 

 position as Assistant Bishop of Kentucky, and 

 soon after received a formal notice from Bishop 

 Smith of Kentucky, the senior member of the 

 House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal 

 Church, that he (Cummins) would be deposed 

 from his office in six months. On December 

 2, 1873, the Reformed Episcopal Church was 

 organized in New York City by seven clergy- 

 men and seventeen laymen, and Bishop Cum- 

 mins was elected the presiding bishop. Sub- 

 sequently he traveled from Canada to the 

 Southern States, endeavoring to extend and 

 strengthen the Reformed Episcopal Church. 

 In 1856 Princeton College conferred on him 

 the degree of D. D. 



CUSHMAN, CHARLOTTE SATJNDERS, an 

 American actress, born in Boston, Mass., July 

 23, 1816 ; died there, February 18, 1876. At 

 the age of twelve she contributed to the 

 family support. Possessing a fine contralto 

 voice, she studied for the stage, and made her 

 debut at the Warren Theatre, Boston, April 

 18, 1835. Shortly after she sang in English 

 opera at New Orleans, but her voice failing 

 her she became an actress, and made her first 

 appearance as Lady Macbeth. She returned 

 to New York, and for three years was a mem- 

 ber of the Park Theatre company. She as- 

 sisted her younger sister Susan, and appeared 

 with her for several seasons at Philadelphia 

 and New York. Miss Cushman was accustomed 

 to take the chief male characters in the plays 

 in which her sister appeared. She afterward 

 assumed the management of one of the Phila- 

 delphia theatres, which she retained until 1844, 



