ECUADOR. 



241 



The territory of the republic is divided into 

 thirtt-en provinces, including the Galapagos 

 Islands, the capital of which is Albemarle.* 



The following table shows the population of 

 eleven of the provinces, according to an offi- 

 cial return published in 1875 : 



In the return above referred to no mention 

 was made of the provinces of Oriente (capital 

 Archidona) and Galapagos. 



Of the 866,137 inhabitants given in the fore- 

 going table, 461,254 were females ; and to the 

 total should be added some 200,000 uncivilized 

 Indians. 



The population of Quito, the capital, was 

 set down at 76,000 for the year already allud- 

 ed to. 



The President of Ecuador is Dr. Antonio 

 Borrero, inaugurated on December 8, 1875. 



The cabinet is composed of the following 



ministers: Interior and Foreign Affairs, ; 



Treasury, Sefior Francisco P. Icaza; and War 

 and the Navy, General Julio Saenz. 



The commandants-general of Quito and of 

 Guayaquil are Senor Jose Martinez de Aparicio 

 and Colonel Teodoro Gomez de la Torre, re- 

 spectively, both of whom received their ap- 

 pointments simultaneously with the members 

 of the cabinet. 



The armed force comprises some 1,200 men, 

 and the navy is composed of three small 

 steamers. 



Public instruction is still under the exclusive 

 control of the clergy, and the Christian Broth- 

 ers, whose zealous efforts have already been 

 productive of excellent results. The number 

 of schools goes on steadily increasing in the 

 various continental provinces ; large numbers 

 of text-books have been procured, mainly 

 from New York ; and neither pains nor money 

 will, it is promised, be spared in order to the 

 completest possible organization and develop- 

 ment of the school system now introduced. 



Of the national revenue, which in 1875 

 amounted to 3,650,510 Ecuadorian pesos (= 

 $2,591,862), nearly one-half was derived from 

 the custom-house receipts. 



The national expenditure in the same year 

 amounted to 3,985,560 pesos (= $2,829,747), 

 constituting a deficit of 335,050 pesos (= $237,- 



In January, 1875, the national debt was re- 



For the area, gee the AwmjAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1878. 

 VOL. xvi. 16 A 



ported to stand as follows:* Foreign debt 

 (1,824,000, British loan of 1855), $12,840,000; 

 home debt, $7,250,000; total $20,095,000 pesos. 



In the first quarter of 1876 an arrangement 

 for the reduction of the debt, by the conver- 

 sion of the one per cent, stock into new six 

 per cent, bonds, was authorized by the Legis- 

 lature. 



No official statistics of the commerce of 

 Ecuador were published in 1876; and the 

 latest concerning the imports are still those 

 of 1871. 



With such a spirit of jealousy between two 

 important sections of a country as that reigning 

 between the inhabitants of the coast-region 

 and those of the elevated plateaus of Ecuador, 



CH1MBORAZO, ECUADOR. 



the most insignificant elements of discord are, 

 not infrequently, magnified into pretexts for 

 open violence. The administration of Garcia 

 Moreno gave rise to murmurings which, while 

 they were easily stifled in the Alpine valleys 

 on a level with that in which stands the capi- 

 tal, found fresh vent at Guayaquil, and on 

 many occasions swelled into turbulent pro- 

 tests. 



His successor, Dr. Borrero, does not seem 

 to have as yet succeeded in conciliating the 

 sympathies of the people of the littoral re- 

 gions ; so far from it, indeed, that a serious at- 

 tempt has already been made to overthrow bis 

 government. 



* Interesting particulars concerning the debt will be found 

 In the ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1876. 



