EGYPT. 



243 



himself, find from 1841 to 1849 the glass-paint- 

 ings of tin- church at Aue, for which In- re- 

 ceived from King Frederick William IV. first 

 the small and then the large gold medal for 

 art. In lsr>2 he published fifteen illustrations 

 of the Siilvntor dmrch in Kilndown, England. 

 Aft. r the Royal Glass-painting Establishment 

 was broken up, he established his own, and fur- 

 nished numerous beautiful works, among them 

 the windows of the cathedral at Basel, the 

 cathedral at Constance, the Protestant church- 

 es at Baden-Baden, ut Burgdorf in Switzerland, 

 and others. 



EGYPT,* a country of Northeastern Africa, 

 nominally a pashalik of the Turkish Empire, 

 but virtually an independent state since 1811. 

 The ruler of Egypt, who has the name of 

 Khedive, is Ismail Pasha, born at Cairo, De- 

 cember 31, 1830, second son of Ibrahim, the 

 son of Mehemet Ali ; succeeded to the Govern- 

 ment at the death of his uncle, Said Pasha, 

 January 18, 1868. The eldest son of the Khe- 

 dive, Mohammed Tefwick, born in 1852, is 

 President of the Privy Council; his eldest 

 son, Prince Abbas Bey, was born July 14, 

 1874. The second son of the Khedive, Prince 

 Hussein Kamil, born in 1853, is member of 

 the Privy Council, and Minister of War and 

 Colonies. The third son, Hassan, also born in 

 1853, is lieutenant d la unite in the Prussian 

 army. 



By the annexation of Darfour and other 

 territories, Egypt has largely increased in 

 both area and population. At the beginning 

 of 1875, the area and population of the large 

 divisions of which Egypt is now composed 

 were as follows : 



The population of that part of Soodan which 

 belonged to the Khedive previous to the re- 

 cent annexation was estimated, in 1874, by 

 Munzinger Bey, the Governor of the coasts 

 of the Red Sea, at 5,000,000, divided as fol- 

 lows: 



Khartoom. . 



Farshoda 



Sennaar. 



Fasoif 1 . . 



Kordofan 



Berbera . 



Dongola. 



Taka . . 



Suakin 



Massowah... 



750,000 mostly Arabs. 



250.000 mostly negroes. 



500.000 Arabs and negroes. 



500,000 Arabs and negroes. 



1,000,000 one-half Arabs and one-half negroes. 



250,000 Arabs. 



250,000 Arabs and Barabra. 

 1 000 000 -j tnree - f 9 ur ths Hadendoa, one-fourth 



250,000 Hadendoa. 



250,000 mostly Tigre ; a few Dankall. 



Total 5,000,000 



The new acquisitions of Egypt in Soodan 



* For latent statistics of foreigners, of population of large 

 cities, of exports, of commerce of Alexandria, of movement 

 of shipping in the principal ports, etc., gee ANNUAL CTOI.O- 

 P*DIA for 1874. 



embrace the land of the Baris, of which < 'olonel 

 Baker took possession on May 20, 17I ; of 

 Darfour, annexed in 1874; of Shegga and the 

 neighboring districts, which, in 1874, were 

 transferred by their ruler to the Khedive; the 

 Basen or Kunama country ; the Danakil coast 

 as far as Bab-el-Mandeb, with Berbera (occu- 

 pied in 1873), and other points on the coast 

 near Berbera. The area and population of 

 these territories, according to the latest esti- 

 mates,* were as follows : 



The revenue of Egypt for the financial year 

 ending September 10, 1875 year 1591 of the 

 Coptic calendar was calculated in the official 

 budget estimates at 2 108,493 purses (1 purse 

 = $24.75), and the expenditure at 2,105,295 

 purses, leaving a surplus of 3,198 purses. 



The public debt of Egypt is divided into two 

 classes, the funded debt of the state and the 

 personal debt of the Khedive. There is, be- 

 sides, a floating debt. In October the funded 

 debt was estimated at 49,000,000, the float- 

 ing debt at 7,000,000 ; total state debt, 56- 

 000,000. The personal debt of the Khedive was 

 estimated at 13,000,000. The real amount 

 of his debt is, however, not yet fully known. 

 On August 1, 1875, an English authority esti- 

 mated the floating debt at 15,900,000, or, in- 

 cluding the floating debt of the Khedive, se- 

 cured on his personal property, the daira, at 

 22,000,000. 



Egypt -is bound to pay an annual tribute of 

 700,000 to Turkey. She has also to furnish 

 a contingent of 15,000 men to the Turkish 

 army. She cannot make treaties other than 

 those of a commercial character, name embas- 

 sadors at foreign courts, or build iron-clads ; 

 but she raises and expends her own revenue, 

 appoints her own officials, from ministers 

 down to policemen, and, in fact, in all that 

 relates to her home Government, she is en- 

 tirely free. 



In 1875 the aggregate length of railways 

 which were in operation was 1,528 kilometres 

 (1 kilometre = 0.62 mile). The telegraph- 

 lines had, in 1873, a length of 6,486 kilo- 

 metres, and the telegraph-wires of 13,750 kilo- 

 metres. 



The aggregate number of letters and news- 

 papers received and dispatched by the Egyp- 

 tian, Austrian, Italian, and Grecian mails, was 

 as follows : 



* M Behm and Wagner's Bevcllcervng der Erdt, ill, 

 p 112. 



