EXHIBITION, CENTENNIAL. 



277 



machine for making gas, an ice-making ma- 

 chine, n special arrangement for mountain-rail- 

 ways, a machine for making stearine-candles, 

 wood- working machinery, and machines for 

 sewing straw hats, embroidering, and other 



The German exhibit was defective. From 

 the Krupp Works were sent two of the breech- 

 loading 1,200-pounder siege-guns, and smaller 

 rided steel cannon, and an exhibit of iron-ore 

 and smelted metal. An admirable brick-mak- 

 ing machine from Berlin was seen at work. 

 There were also a railroad exhibit, one of cop- 

 per and sulphur ores from Prussia, one of gas- 

 meters, one of the needles of Aix, and a col- 

 lection of steam-gauges, from Hamburg and 

 Magdeburg, besides printing-presses from Leip- 

 sic, steam-engines from Bremerbaven, and other 

 machinery of various kinds. 



The Belgian section was not large, but was 

 extremely interesting. A huge and intricate 

 well-boring machine was sent from Brussels; 

 wool carding, cleaning, and spinning machines 

 from Verviers; embroidering and sewing ma- 

 chines, and a fat-extracting apparatus, also 

 from Brussels; railway-stock from- Louvain 

 and Mariemont ; Corliss engines built in Ghent ; 

 besides models of a trip-hammer and steam- 

 shears, and filters, rotary pumps, punching and 

 bolt-making machines, etc. 



Sweden sent a locomotive of novel device, 

 in which the weight of the engine is distributed 

 over a number of coupled wheels, and the axle- 

 box is so constructed that the axle is kept par- 

 allel to the radius of any curve passed over, to 

 prevent wrenching; the engine is a very pow- 

 erful one for a narrow-gauge railroad. There 

 was a considerable variety of machinery ex- 

 hibited both in the Swedish and Norwegian 

 sections. The machines for working in wood 

 and metals were as perfect as any in the exhi- 

 bition. 



Russia displayed some capital machinery and 

 ordnance. 



Brazil made a large exhibit. A peculiar 

 stationary engine was constructed for both high 

 and low pressure; there were also several 

 models of marine engines. There was a model 

 of the machine-shop of the arsenal at Bahia, 

 with all its appointments and machinery, and 

 models of three vessels-of-war ; the ordnance 

 and equipments of the Brazilian army and navy 

 were also exhibited by models. A variety of 

 steam-power engines and gearing, brass pumps, 

 etc., showed some unusual forms but excellent 

 workmanship. A hand pin-making machine 

 and the stamping apparatus of the Imperial 

 Mint were interesting. In three separate 

 buildings were exhibited boilers and quartz- 

 crushing machines. 



In the Hydraulic Annex a great variety of 

 pumps and hydraulic machines discharged 

 steady streams of water. A cascade, for pro- 

 pelling the turbines and other water-power ap- 

 paratus, flowed from the upper tank which was 

 refilled by two splendid rotary steam-pumps. 



Other rotary pumps, all kinds of steam and 

 hand pumps, pumps for miners, sugar-refiners, 

 etc., blowing-machines, ventilating apparatus, 

 steam fire-engines, etc., were kept in constant 

 operation. Great Britain and other foreign 

 nations participated in the exhibition. 



UNITED STATES BUILDING. 



The United States Building was erected by 

 the Government for the purpose of exhibiting 

 the functions and activity of the Government in 

 internal development, and the workings of the 

 different departments. The Departments of 

 the Interior, of War, of the Treasury, the 

 Navy, the Post-Office, of Agriculture, and the 

 Smithsonian Institution, all took part in the 

 display. The building was 504 by 306 feet, and 

 covered 102,840 square feet of ground. The 

 workings of the postal-service were practi- 

 cally illustrated by the Centennial Post-Office, 

 whose appointments and organization were 

 completely representative. All the equip- 

 ments of the mail service, of the local and gen- 

 eral offices, and the stamps and stationery, 

 were shown, together with a special system of 

 lock-boxes, and an envelope cutting, folding, 

 stamping, gumming, and counting machine. 

 The Agricultural Department was very com- 

 plete and extensive, including the statistics of 

 agriculture and large maps showing the agri- 

 cultural condition of the country ; the chem- 

 ical constitution of the soils of all parts of the 

 country, with the vegetable, animal, and min- 

 eral fertilizers, and an exhibit of the manufact- 

 ure of agricultural products; and also a com- 

 plete exhibit of the botanical products and 

 woods of America. There were also exhibits 

 of microscopical plants, and fibres and cells, 

 and models of all the vegetable and horticult- 

 ural products, stuffed specimens of poultry, 

 samples of tobacco, grain, textile products, etc., 

 and illustrations of the different processes of 

 cultivation. The Department of the Interior 

 showed as its principal exhibit the system of 

 the Patent-Office, and exhibited 60,000 draw- 

 ings and 5,000 models of patents; a national 

 museum consisted of relics of Washington and 

 other Continental antiquities. Besides these, 

 the Pension-Office and General Land-Office pre- 

 sented their reports and documents. The In- 



