320 FREILIGKATH, FERDINAND. 



FRIENDS. 



quite distinctly in the preface to this volume. 

 On account of his radical opinions, which he 

 now loudly proclaimed, he was in 1845 forced 

 to seek refuge in Switzerland, but even here 

 was turned away first in St. Gall, and then in 

 Rapperswyl, and in 1846 went to London, 

 where he found employment as a correspond- 

 ent in a business house. The Revolution of 

 1848 he greeted with two poems, " Die Revo- 

 lution " and "Februarklange." He returned 

 to Germany in that year and settled in Diissel- 

 dorf. On account of his poem " Die Todten 

 an die Lebenden," in which he arraigned the 

 King of Prussia for the murder of those killed 

 by the troops during the riots in Berlin, he 

 was arrested and tried for insulting the King, 

 but on October 3d he was acquitted by a 

 jury. In 1849 he went to Holland, but, being 

 expelled from that country, settled in Bilk, 

 near Dusseldorf. In 1850 he was ordered to 

 leave Prussia, but, having proved that he had 

 been a subject of Prussia for ten years, was 

 admitted as a citizen in Dusseldorf in 1851. 

 The year 1849 also saw the publication of a 

 small volume of poems, "Zwischen den Gar- 

 ben einer Nachlese." It contains no political 

 poems, but, on the other hand, many of his 

 most beautiful productions, e. g., "O lieb' so 

 lang du lieben kannst," a poem which prob- 

 ably gained for him more hearts than any of 

 his other works. In the mean while his rela- 

 tions to the Government had become more 

 and more critical. Early in 1851 he was 

 threatened with arrest for various offenses. 

 During his second exile in England he lived 

 for a few years as a clerk, entirely removed 

 from the schemes of the other refugees. His 

 business again required his full time. For 

 original works he lacked the humor, but he 

 took up his former activity as a translator, 

 producing among other works the admirable 

 translation of Longfellow's " Hiawatha." In 

 1855 he again devoted himself entirely to lit- 

 erary labors, furnishing admirable articles for 

 the Athenyum. In 1857 he received an ap- 

 pointment as general manager of a Swiss bank 

 founded in Lon<lon, which secured for him an 

 independent living. During this time his 

 friends pressed him to take the necessary steps 

 to secure a return to Germany. All these ad- 

 vices he kindly but firmly rejected. In 1867 

 the bank of which he was manager failed, and 

 his friends now brought into execution a long- 

 discussed plan of making up a national sub- 

 scription. The amount of this subscription, 

 over 60,000 thalers, secured for him an inde- 

 pendent living for the rest of his life, and in 

 1868 he returned to Germany and settled in 

 Canstatt. The war with France, 1870-'7l, 

 again called forth his full poetical powers, and 

 the poems written during this time are among 

 the best he ever wrote. Besides the trans- 

 lation of "Hiawatha," he also furnished master- 

 ly translations of the poems of Thomas Moore, 

 Mrs. Hemans, Robert Burns, Thomas Hood, 

 and Victor Hu^o, |>reserving with wonderrul 



ability the metres of the originals. The first 

 complete edition of his poems in six volumes 

 was published with his approval by Fred. Ger- 

 hard in New York, in 1850. His "Gedichte," 

 published for the first time in Stuttgart in 1838, 

 appeared in their twenty-ninth edition in 1873. 

 He also published " Roland's Album " (1840) ; 

 with J. Hub and Aug. Schnezler, the first and 

 second series of the " Rheinische Odeon " (1836 

 and 1839) ; with Simrock and Matzerath, the 

 " Rheinische Jahrbuch " (1840-'41) ; with Levin 

 Schucking, " Das malerische und romantische 

 Westfalen " (1840-'42 ; second edition, 1871) ; 

 with Duller, " 1842, Gedicht zum Besten des 

 Kolner Doms" (1842), and "Karl Immermann, 

 Blatter der Erinnerung an ihn " (1842) ; " Dich- 

 tung und Dichter, eine Anthologie " (1854); 

 and the English anthology, " The Rose, Thistle, 

 and Shamrock " (fifth edition, 1874). His col- 

 lected works (six vols., 1870, second edition, 

 1871) met with a brilliant reception. In 1875 

 he assumed the publication of an English 

 periodical, the Illustrated Magazine, which was 

 published by Hallberger & Co. in Stuttgart. 

 His wife Ida also gained considerable repu- 

 tation as a translator of English poems, while 

 his daughter Kate furnished admirable English 

 translations of her father's poems. 



FRIENDS. The London Yearly Meeting of 

 Friends was held May 25th. The statistical re- 

 ports showed that the number of members was 

 14,200, or fifty-two more than were reported 

 the previous year. Epistles were read from the 

 Yearly Meetings of Canada and Ireland, and 

 from all the Yearly Meetings in the United 

 States except that of Pennsylvania. The reports 

 from the several quarterly meetings described 

 activity in various departments of religious 

 and benevolent work, as shown in the organi- 

 zation and operations of adult and juvenile 

 Sunday-schools, women's temperance mis- 

 sions, temperance societies, Bands of Hope, in- 

 door and open-air mission-meetings, mothers' 

 meetings, etc. The reports from the tract 

 societies showed that 169,946 tracts and leaf- 

 lets had been circulated during the year. 

 Some new translations into French and Ger- 

 man had been made, and 3,600 copies of French 

 tracts had been distributed by Friends on re- 

 ligious service in France. About 60,000 tracts 

 had been ordered by Friends in Philadelphia 

 for distribution during the Exhibition in that 

 city. The expenditures of the Friends' For- 

 eign Missionary Society during the year had 

 been 6,600, an increase of 1,500 over the 

 expenditures of the previous year. Of this 

 sum, 4,840 had been spent in Madagascar, 

 and 1,297 in India. Two thousand pounds 

 sterling had been spent in translating extracts 

 from the Scriptures and other writings, and 

 100,000 publications had been issued from the 

 printing-press in Madagascar. The first anni- 

 versary of the school in Madagascar had been 

 held six months before. It reported 1,200 

 children and 800 adults as scholars. An ac- 

 count was given of a first monthly meeting of 



