GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DISCOVERY IN 1876. 



SSfl 



Timoffski, the pioneer of Russian explorers 

 in China, and author of a work on Mongolia 

 (1820-'21 ; editor, Klaproth), which has been 

 translated into English, died this year, at the 

 age of eighty-five. 



Three other eminent Russian geographers, 

 all distinguished members of the Caucasus 

 branch of the Imperial Geographical Society, 

 have passed away during the year. These 

 we iv. General Alexander Petrovitch Kartseff, 

 president from 1861-'69, and his colleague Di- 

 mitry Elaitch Kovalensky, secretary, who ac- 

 tively forwarded the surveys and explorations 

 of the Caucasus; and Baron Uslar, author of 

 " Four Months in the Khirgiz Steppe," who 

 devoted himself to tht ethnology and languages 

 of the peoples of the Caucasus, and collected 

 materials for a great work on these subjects, 

 which unfortunately was never completed. 



Dr. Reinhold Buchholz, the well-known arc- 

 tic and African traveler, died April 17th, at 

 (ireifswald, in Germany, after a short illness, 

 lie had but recently returned from a three 

 years' journey in Africa, and was engaged in 

 classifying the large scientific collections he 

 had brought back, which he designed for the 

 Museum of the University of Greifswald, which 

 had just invited him to accept a chair of Zo- 

 ology specially created on his account. 



Dr. Richard King, who accompanied Admi- 

 ral Sir George Back in his arctic expedition of 

 1833-'35, died on the 4th of February. He 

 was the founder of the British Ethnological 

 Society, and a working member of the Statisti- 

 cal Society ; he was also the author of " Frank- 

 lin Expedition from First to Last," " Narra- 

 tive of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic 

 Ocean," " History of the Esquimaux," and 

 works on medical and other subjects, and also 

 edited for some time the Statistical Journal 

 and the Ethnological Journal. 



SOCIETIES. A Danish Geographical Society, 

 with the King of Denmark as protector, and 

 the crown-prince as acting president, held its 

 first public meeting in the palace at Copenha- 

 gen, on the 22d of December of this year. 



An international conference upon the means 

 of exploring equatorial Africa was held in 

 Brussels, in September, under the presidency of 

 the King of the Belgians. The different nations 

 were requested to form local organizations for 

 this purpose. A German national committee 

 was constituted in December under the presi- 

 dency of the Prince of Reuss, and arrange- 

 ments for a permanent association are in prep- 

 aration. It is to be under the patronage of 

 the crown-prince, and will be called the Ger- 

 man Society for African Exploration. It is the 

 intention to follow up vigorously, systemati- 

 cally, and persistently, the German explora- 

 tions in Central Africa. 



A geographical publication society similar to 

 the Hackluyt has been formed in Portugal, 

 nnder the style of Commissao Central da Oeo- 

 graphift de Lisboa. A geographical society 

 has been formed also at Madrid, which will 



confine its attention chiefly to the geography 

 of the Peninsula and the Spanish maritime 

 possessions. 



The Appalachian Mountain Club, of Boston, 

 are planning a systematic series of explorations 

 of the mountains of the Atlantic coast. They 

 have also started a new magazine, published in 

 Boston, under the name Appalachiu, which 

 will contain contributions on botanical, zoologi- 

 cal, and physical geography, hydrography, and 

 geology, as well as upon the special objects of 

 the club. 



BIBLIOOBAPHT. Abstract of the Reports of the 

 Surveys and other Geographical Operations in In- 

 dia for 1873-'74. Published by the Geographical 

 Department of the Indian Office. Editor, Clements 

 K. Markham. (London, 1876.) 



Anderson, John, M. D. : Mandalay to Motrrien ; 

 a Narrative of Two Expeditions to Western China, of 

 1868 and 1875, under Colonel Edward B. Sladen and 

 Colonel Horace Brown. (London, Macmillan, 1876.) 



Baedeker, K. : Palestine and Syria. Handbook 

 for Travelers. (Leipsic, 1876.) 



Bancroft, Hubert Howe : The Native Races of the 

 Pacific States of North America. (New York, D. Ap- 

 pleton & Co., and London, Longmans, 1876.) This 

 important work, of which the first volumes appeared 

 last year, is now completed in five volumes. It con- 

 tains about all that is known of the semi-civilized 

 aboriginal peoples of North America, laboriously and 

 critically collected and summarized. 



Barkley, Henry C'., C. E. : Between the Danube 

 and the Black Sea, or Two Years in Bulgaria. (Lon- 

 don, Murray, 1876.) 



Beveredge, H. : The District of the Bakarganj. 

 (London, Triibner, 1876.) This is an historical and 

 geographical account of the district commonly 

 spelled Backergunge, which was overwhelmed in the 

 recent cyclone ; written by a resident magistrate. 



Brown, Robert : The Races of Mankind; being a 

 Popular Description of tlie Characteristics, Manners, 

 and Customs, of the Principal Varieties of the Hu- 

 man Family. (London, Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 

 1876.) 



Burnaby, Frederick : A Ride to Khiva ; Travels and 

 Adventures in Central Asia. (London, Cassell, 1876.) 



Compiegne, Marquis de : L'Afrique Equatoriale : 

 Okanda Bangouens Osye"ba. (Paris, Plon, 1875.) 

 The second volume of the Marquis de Compiegne' s 

 descriptions of travels. 



Creagh, James: Over the Borders of Christen- 

 dom and Islamieh. (London, Tinsley, 1876.) 



Curlez, E. A. : Nebraska ; its Advantages, Re- 

 sources, and Drawbacks. 



David, Abbe" Armand : Journal de raon troisieme 

 Voyage. d'Exploration dans 1'Empire Chiuois. (Paris, 

 Hachette, 1875.) 



Die Mougolei und das Land der Tanguten. Oberet- 

 Lieutenant Przewalsky's Reisen, 187f-'78. 



Dunraven, Earl of: The Great Divide. Travels 

 in the Upper Yellowstone in the Summer of 1874. 

 (London, Chatto & Windus, 1876.) 



Dyer, Commander Hugh, R. N. : The West Coast 

 of Africa, as Been from the Deck of a Man-of-War. 

 (London, Griffin. 1876.) 



Eastern Persia : an Account of the Journeys of 

 the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870, 1871, 1872. 

 Vol. I. The Geography. By Majors St. John, Lov- 

 ett, and Euan Smith, and an Introduction by Mnjor- 

 General F. J. Goldsmid. Vol. II. The Zoology 

 and Geology. By W. T. Blandford. (London, Mat- 

 millan, 1876.) 



Evans, Arthur J. : Through Bosnia and the Her- 

 zegovina on Foot during the Insurrection. (London, 

 Longmans, 1876.) 



Forsyth, William, Q. C. : The Slavonic Provinces 

 south of the Danube. (London, Murray, 1876.) 



