338 



GEORGIA. 



GERMANY. 



dricks electors received 130,088, and the Hayes 

 and Wheeler electors 50,446 ; majority for the 

 former, 79,642. All the nine members of Con- 

 gress chosen on the same day were Democrats. 

 The Legislature of 1877 consists of 43 Demo- 

 crats and 1 Republican in the Senate, and 168 

 Democrats and 7 Republicans in the House ; 

 Democratic majority, 42 in the Senate, 161 in 

 the House, and 203 on joint ballot. 



In his message to the Legislature in January, 

 1877, Governor Smith used the following lan- 

 guage regarding the political affairs of the 

 country : 



Before closing this, my last annual communication 

 to the General Assembly, I cannot forbear a brief 

 reference to the grave circumstances which now sur- 

 round us, and seem to threaten the existence of the 

 liberties of the people. 



On a given day. over eight millions of freemen, 

 representing nearly forty -five millions of people, 

 came forth from their abiding-places and quietly pro- 

 ceeded to the ballot-box for tlie purpose of choosing 

 their rulers for the next four years. This grave pro- 

 ceeding was characterized by the utmost good order, 

 notwithstanding the presence, in many places, of the 

 military forces of the Government, sent thither to 

 overawe the weak and ignorant, and to secure the 

 election of particular candidates. The law pointed 

 out the mode of selecting the President and Vice- 

 President of the United States. The question as to 

 who should till these high offices had been referred 

 to the ballot-box. The true result of that reference 

 no candid man can doubt The election was held in 

 pursuance of the laws of the United States and of 

 the several States. It was peaceable and orderly, and 

 free from intimidation and violence. And yet im- 

 mediately after the election we find a few adventur- 

 ers, acting under the direction of ambitious leaders 

 at the Federal capital, and backed by the military 

 forces of the Government, attempting, by fraud and 

 chicane, to set aside the eminent statesman chosen 

 by the people, and to force into places persons whom 

 the people, after a fair trial, had refused to elect. 



The question arises here : Shall the candidates 

 fairly and legally elected by the people be placed in 

 office, or shall persons rejected at the ballot-box be 

 elevated to power ? Shall law and order prevail, or 

 shall fraud and violence have the mastery ? Shall 

 the people of the United States choose their own, 

 rulers, or shall political cheats and swindlers be per- 

 mitted to perform that vital office for them ? We 

 have appealed to the ballot-box: shall the result of 

 this appeal stand, or shall it be set aside by force 

 and fraud ? If the latter, then our free institutions 

 are already at an end, and constitutional liberty 

 on the American continent has received its final 

 blow. 



The right of the people to choose their own rulers 

 is the corner-stone of a free, democratic republic ; 

 and when they voluntarily abdicate this invaluable 



Erivilege, or allow it to be wrenched from them, they 

 ave already obtained their own consent to become 

 slaves. No more sacred cause can engage the patri- 

 otic efforts of a nation than the firm maintenance of 

 the fundamental right in all free governments to say 

 who shall rule over it. This right the people ot 

 Georgia, and, I trust, of every other State in our Fed- 

 eral Union, will never willingly abandon. No divis- 

 ion of the dirty spoils of office, no promise of per- 

 sonal advancement, no engagement to withhold the 

 iron hand of power, can ever compensate the people 

 for the surrender of a right at once so dear to them- 

 selves, and so vital to the very existence of consti- 

 tutional liberty. 



The people of the United States are thus brought 

 face to face with a most momentous responsibility. 

 What shall be done ? What shall we do I The motto 



to suggest, but to follow. It is the plain duty ot 

 Congress, by adhering to law and established pre- 

 cedent, to give effect to the clearly and legally ex- 

 pressed will of the people. But if Congress should 

 unhappily fail to do this, then it is believed that the 

 proper determination of the grave questions now 

 confronting us can, in the last resort, be safely left 

 to the sober judgment of the right-minded people in 

 the Northern States. If it cannot, then we are pow- 

 erless, and they as well as ourselves will have lost 

 the inestimable right of freemen the right of self- 

 government. When they shall have decided what 

 is proper to be done for the preservation of this 

 right, it is assuming but little to say that the people 

 of Georgia will be found ready to cooperate with 

 them, and to do their whole duty under any and all 

 circumstances. 



GERLACH, FRANZ, a German scholar, born 

 July 18, 1793; died in November, 1876. He 

 studied theology and philology in Gottingen, 

 received a position in the gymnasium in that 

 town upon graduating, became professor in 

 the cantonal school in Aarau in 1817 and in 

 the University of Basel in 1820, was appointed 

 member of the Educational Council in 1835, 

 and was pensioned in 1875. Among his philo- 

 logical works are the editions of Sallust with 

 a commentary (1823-'31, 3 vols. ; 1852, 2 vols. ; 

 1870, 1 vol.), of the "Germania" of Tacitus 

 (1835), which was followed by a translation 

 with a commentary (1837), and the critical 

 edition of Nonius Marcellus (1842), which he 

 published together with Roth. He also pub- 

 lished the " Schweizerische Museum fur his- 

 torische Wissenschaften " (3 vols., 1837-'39), 

 with Hottinger and Wackernagel; "Historische 

 Studien" (vol. i., 1841; vols. ii. and iii., 1847^ 

 '63), and " Die Geschichte der Romer " (vol. i. 

 1851), with Bachofen. 



GERMANY, an empire in Europe, reestab- 

 lished January 18, 1871. The Emperor, Wil- 

 liam I., was born March 22, 1797, and waa 

 married June 11, 1829, to Augusta, daughter 

 of the Grand-duke Charles Frederick of Saxe- 

 Weimar. The heir- apparent, Frederick Wil- 

 liam, born October 18, 1831, has the official 

 title of Crown-prince of the German Empire, 

 and Crown-prince of Prussia. -He was mar- 

 ried January 25, 1858, to Victoria, Princess 

 Royal of Great Britain and Ireland, born No- 

 vember 21, 1840. Offspring of the union are 

 three sons: Frederick William, born 1859; 

 Henry, born 1862 ; Waldemar, born 1868; and 

 four daughters : Charlotte, born 1860; Victoria, 

 born 1866 ; Sophia, born 1870 ; Margaretta, 

 born 1872. Imperial Chancellor (Reichskanz- 

 ler), Otto, Prince von Bismarck-Schonhausen. 

 President of the Imperial Chancery (Reichs- 

 kanzler-Aint), Hofmann, Minister of State, ap- 

 pointed in 1876. 



The following table exhibits all the states 

 of the German Empire, the area, the popula- 

 tion, the number of representatives of every 

 German state in the Federal Council, and the 

 number of deputies who represent each state 

 in the Reichstag : 



