384 HODGSON, WILLIAM 



HOWE, SAMUEL G. 



ern Ocean, the first to Spitzbergen and the other 

 to Nova Zembla, which he described in "Rei- 

 sen nach dem Nordpolarmeer in den Jahren 

 1870 und 1871 " (3 vols., 1872-'74). In the 

 beginning of 1875 he again set out for Africa, 

 in order to explore the unknown territory of 

 the Beni-Amer, and in the latter part of that 

 year accepted an invitation to enter the service 

 of the Khedive. 



HODGSON, WILLIAM NICHOLSON, M. P., 

 born in 1801 ; died April 2, 1876. In politics 

 he was a Conservative, and proclaimed himself 

 in favor of "strict neutrality in our diplomatic 

 intercourse." He sat in Parliament for Car- 

 lisle from 1847 to 1852, being defeated in the 

 latter year. Being returned by the same con- 

 stituency, he represented them from March, 

 1857, to April, 1859, when he was again de- 

 feated. In July, 1865, he was again returned, 

 and retained his seat until 1868, when he was 

 once more rejected. In November, 1868, he 

 was returned for East Cumberland, a few days 

 subsequent to his defeat at Carlisle. 



HOGG, Sir JAMES WEIR, Bart., a British 

 statesman, born in 1790; died May 27, 1876. 

 He received his early education at Dr. Bruce's 

 Academy, Belfast, and afterward studied at 

 Trinity College, Dublin. Having been called 

 to the bar, he went to India in 1814, and ob- 

 tained a large and lucrative practice at the 

 Calcutta bar. In 1822 he accepted the ap- 

 pointment of Register of the Supreme Court 

 of Judicature, Calcutta, which he held until 

 his return home in 1833. In 1834 he entered 

 the House of Commons as member for Beverly. 

 This town he represented until 1847, when he 

 was elected a member for Honiton, for which 

 borougli he sat until the general election in 

 1857, when he was defeated by two votes. He 

 was elected a director of the East India Com- 

 pany in 1839, of which he was throughout his 

 career one of the leading spirits, and its prin- 

 cipal spokesman in the House of Commons. 

 In 1858, when the Government of India was 

 transferred to the crown, he was elected a 

 member of the Council of India, in which he 

 sat until 1873, when he resigned. In politics 

 he was a liberal Conservative, and was a stanch 

 supporter and friend of Sir Robert Peel, from 

 whom he received a baronetcy in 1846. He is 

 succeeded by his eldest son, Sir James Mac- 

 Naghten Hogg, chairman of the Metropolitan 

 Board of Works. 



HOLZGETHAN, LTJDWIG, Freiherr VON, an 

 Austrian statesman, born October 1, 1810 ; 

 died June 12, 1876. He entered the service of 

 the state in 1831, was appointed Councilor of 

 Finance in Verona in 1850, and President of 

 Finance in Venice in 1852. In 1870 he became 

 Minister of Finance for Austria proper, first 

 under Potocki, and then under Hohenwart, 

 after whose retirement in October, 1872, he 

 was for a time president of the ministry. In 

 January, 1872, he became Minister of Finance 

 for the empire. He was created a knight (Bit- 

 ter) in 1855, and a baron (Freiherr) in 1865. 



HORSMAN, EDWAED, a British statesman, 

 born in 1807 ; died December 1, 1876. He was 

 educated at Rugby, was admitted to the Scotch 

 bar in 1831, and was one of the commissioners 

 to inquire into the state of the Kirk of Scot- 

 land. In 1836 he was elected to Parliament 

 from Cockermouth, which he represented un- 

 til the general election in 1852, when he was 

 defeated. But early in the following year he 

 was returned for Stroud, and was one of the 

 members of that constituency until 1868, when 

 he was again defeated. In May, 1869, he was 

 returned from Liskeard, which borough he 

 represented up to his death. In politics he 

 was a Liberal. He was sworn a privy-coun- 

 cilor in 1855, being appointed at the same time 

 Chief Secretary for Ireland, which position he 

 resigned in 1857. 



HOWE, SAMUEL GEIDLET, an American phi- 

 lanthropist; died in Boston, January 9th. He 

 was born in that city, November 10, 1801. He 

 studied in the Boston Grammar-School, thence 

 went to Brown University, where he graduated 

 in 1821, and studied medicine in Boston. In 

 1824 he went to Greece, and served as a sur- 

 geon in the patriot army, and in various oth- 

 er capacities, till 1830. In 1831 he returned 

 to the United States, and soon became inter- 

 ested in the project for establishing an insti- 

 tution for the blind in Boston. He accepted 

 the charge of it, and embarked at once for 

 Europe, to acquire the necessary information 

 and engage teachers, visiting the schools of 

 France and England for this purpose. While 

 in Paris he was made President of the Polish 

 Committee, and undertook to carry and dis- 

 tribute funds for the relief of the detachment 

 of the Polish army which had crossed into 

 Prussia. In the discharge of this duty he was 

 arrested and imprisoned for about six weeks 

 by the Prussian Government. He was then 

 liberated, and escorted over the French frontier 

 by night. In 1832 the Perkins Institution for 

 the Blind, in Boston, was put in operation 

 under his charge. One of his greatest achieve- 

 ments was the successful education of Laura 

 Bridgman, the blind deaf-mute, who was a 

 pupil in this institution and whose instruc- 

 tion was undertaken by Dr. Howe personally. 

 She was born at Hanover, N. H., December 

 21, 1829. Up to the age of two years she pos- 

 sessed all her faculties, but a severe illness 

 at that time occasioned the loss of sight and 

 hearing, and consequently of speech, while 

 the sense of smell was also destroyed, and that 

 of taste greatly impaired. She recovered her 

 health gradually, but none of her lost senses 

 were restored. She entered the institution 

 when she was eight years old, and soon ac- 

 quired such a familiarity with the building and 

 its various apartments that she could wandei* 

 at will through it unattended. Dr. Howe re- 

 solved to undertake the task of instructing 

 her, a work which until that time had never 

 been attempted with success. The first step 

 was to teach her the names of objects: for 



