

HUNT, CHARLES 8. 



ing civil marriage obligatory, and referred to 

 Fran. :ui'l IJ.'L'imu as countries in instance 

 to show that the existence of such a law need 

 not involve a hreach with the Church. 



The ninth International Statistical Congress 

 met at IVsth, September 1st, and was opened 

 liy tlm Archduke Joseph. 



Hl'NT, CIIAKLKS SEDOWIOK, died in New 

 York, October 15th. Ho was born at Litch- 

 field, Conn., April 7, 1842. In 1855 he entered 

 the Naval Academy at Annapolis, where he 

 remained for two years, and then became a 

 stiuK-nt at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. 

 At the outbreak of the war he entered the 

 navy, and became acting master on the war- 

 sloop Juniata, but resigned his commission 

 toward the close of the war, and entered Har- 

 vard College, where he graduated in 1868. He 

 then became a reporter on the New York 

 Tribune. For a time he was financial editor 

 of the New York Standard, and from 1871 to 

 1873 was Albany correspondent of the Trib- 

 une, in which capacity he rendered valuable 

 service in exposing fraud. In 1873 he became 

 an editorial writer on the Tribune, writing 

 chiefly upon topics of finance and political 

 economy. Ho was also associated with Mr. 

 John F. Cleveland in the preparation of the 

 " Tribune Almanac." Early in 1876 he joined 

 the editorial staff of the New York Times, 

 where he continued until his death. Mr. Hunt 

 was a thorough and enthusiastic student of 

 political economy, and many of his articles 

 in the Tribune and in the Times attracted 

 wide attention. 



HUSSEIN- AVN1 PASHA, a Turkish states- 

 man and general, born in 1819; assassinated 

 in Constantinople, June 16, 1876. In 1850 

 he went to Constantinople, where he studied 

 law for some time ; but, meeting by chance 

 one of his townsmen, who was in the military 

 school of Harbije-Mekteb, and as the military 

 career at that time seemed to offer greater 

 inducements to young Turks than that of 

 the law, he was easily induced to change his 

 career. He graduated from the military school 

 in 1842, with the rank of captain on the gen- 

 eral staff, and in 1850 became major. He dis- 

 tinguished himself in the war in the Crimea, 

 in 1856 was the Turkish delegate to the com- 

 mission to regulate the Persian frontier, and 

 was soon after appointed Director of the Mil- 

 itary School of Harbije-Mekteb, and at the 

 same time chief of the general staff of the 

 army. He took part in the war with Monte- 

 negro as commander of a division, and after 

 his return was appointed President of the Gen- 

 eral War Department, a position ranking next 

 to that of Minister of War, which position he 



HUSSEIN-AVNI PASHA. 389 



held for two years. His renown rauidljr in- 

 creased, and he particularly Kiiccccl,-<l in gain- 

 ing the confidence of the two most prominent 

 statesmen at that time, Fuad Pasha and Aali 

 Pasha. When Fuad Pasha wan appointed 

 <J rand-Vizier, with the portfolio of War, he in- 

 duced the Sultan to appoint Hussein-Ami 

 Pasha to the position of commanding general 

 of the army corps comprising the Guards, and 

 at the same time his representative in the min- 

 istry of war. This position he held up to the 

 fall of Fuad Pasha and Aali Pasha in 1866, 

 when he was also compelled to retire. In the 

 early part of 1867 he again came into favor, 

 being appointed Governor-General of Bosnia, 

 which position, however, he never assumed. 

 The reason for this was that he was, imme- 

 diately after receiving this appointment, in- 

 trusted with the chief command of the forces 

 in Candia ; and, as he was unable to produce 

 any favorable results in that island, he was 

 recalled in April, 1867, and was placed in com- 

 mand of an army corps on the frontier of 

 Greece. But owing to dissensions between 

 Omer Pasha, his successor, and Aali Pasha, 

 the Grand- Vizier, who was his personal friend, 

 the former resigned, and Hussein- A vni Pasha 

 was again appointed to the chief command of 

 the troops in Candia. With the aid of Aali 

 Pasha he succeeded in quelling the rebellion, 

 and in 1869 was rewarded for his services by 

 the position of Minister of War. This position 

 he held until the death of Aali Pasha in 1871, 

 when he was removed by Mahmud-Nedim 

 Pasha, the new Grand- Vizier, and was sent 

 into exile, on a charge of misappropriation of 

 public moneys. With the accession of Midhat 

 Pasha on July 31, 1872, he was permitted to 

 return, and when Eessad Pasha was Grand- 

 Vizier he was first Minister of the Navy, and 

 afterward of War. In February, 1874, he final- 

 ly reached the goal of his ambition, and was 

 appointed Grand- Vizier. His administration 

 was not a successful one, and when in April, 

 1875, he was dismissed, it was with the dis- 

 pleasure of the Sultan ; and, in order to have 

 him out of the way, he was shortly after ap- 

 pointed Governor-General of Smyrna. This 

 position he, however, resigned in May, and 

 then made a tour of England and France. In 

 August, 1875, he, together with Midhat Pasha 

 and Mahmud-Nedim Pasha, all three bitter 

 enemies of each other, was called upon to form 

 a new cabiet, receiving the department of War, 

 which position he retained up to his death. 

 He was one of the principal actors in the 

 eventful scenes that led to and accompanied 

 the overthrow of Abdul-Aziz, whom he did 

 not long survive. 



