IOWA. 



ITALY. 



415 



ting thti necessity for retrenchment that has been 



; upon tlio country by extravagant Kepubliean 

 administration*, an important policy of which has 

 been to steadily men-use the salaries of public offi- 



:ire earnestly in favor of such a reduction 

 in i In- salaries of all officers within the State as will 

 fairly correspond with the financial condition of our 

 people. 



The election took place on the 7th of No- 

 vember, and resulted in the success of the Re- 

 publican ticket. The total vote cast for Secre- 

 ary of State was 284,286, of which J. T. Young 

 received 172,171, and J. II. Stubenrauch 112,- 

 115; majority for the former, 60,056. The 

 total vote oast for members of Congress 

 throughout the State was 292,429, of which 

 168,289 were received by Republican candi- 

 dates, 118,356 by Democrats, 5,466 by Green- 

 back candidates, and 318 were scattering. Re- 

 publicans were elected in all the nine districts. 

 The total vote for presidential electors was 

 292,453 ; of these 171,327 were for the Hayes 

 and Wheeler ticket, 112,099 for Tilden and 

 Hendricks, 9,001 for Cooper and Gary, and 

 26 for the Anti-Secret Society candidates. 

 The plurality of Hayes over Tilden was 59,228, 

 majority over all 50,201. 



A decision was rendered by the Supreme 

 Court of the State in December, declaring 

 women to be eligible to the office of county 

 superintendent of schools. A woman had re- 

 ceived a majority of the votes in Warren 

 County ; but the opposing candidate, a man, 

 had contested the election on the ground of 

 ineligibility. The Circuit Court of the county 

 decided in favor of the contestant, and, the 

 case being taken to the Supreme Court on ap- 

 peal, the judgment was reversed. This decision 

 was based on the absence of any prohibition in 

 the constitution, and the passage of the follow- 

 ing act by the last Legislature : 



SECTION 1. No person shall bo deemed ineligible 

 by reason of sex to any school-office in the State of 

 Iowa. 



8so. 2. No person who may have been or shall 

 be elected or appointed to the office of county 

 superintendent ot common schools or school di- 

 rector in the State of Iowa shall be deprived of 

 office by reason of sex. 



The court said : 



If the law be constitutional, the defendant is now 

 eligible to hold said office whether she was so when 

 elected or not. 



The General Assembly cannot make good retro- 

 spectively acts which it had previously no power to 

 permit, but may do so in cases where the power to 

 so do previously existed. (Uooley on Constitutional 

 Limitations, 381.) 



There being no constitutional prohibition, the 

 General Assembly could have conferred the right on 

 woman to hold offices of this character, and conse- 

 quently by a retrospective law confirm or make 

 good an election by the people which was held in 

 the absence of a positive law authorizing it. In 

 other words, a retrospective law may cure "or legal- 

 ize any act which the General Assembly could, as an 

 original question, have authorized. 



An Industrial Exposition was held at Des 

 Moines, opening on the 5th of October, and 

 continuing nearly two mouths. The associa- 



tion by which it WHB managed was formed in 



Scjitfinlii-r, iNT-x A building i;ni I'.-. -t square, 

 three stories high, and surmounted Ky u dome 

 140 feet high, was erected at a cost of $70,000. 

 The exhibition was quite successful, and in- 

 cluded products of agricultural and mechanical 

 industry, works of art, and objects of curiosity 

 and value. It was intended to present an com- 

 pletely as practicable a view of the resources 

 and industrial achievements of the State. 



On the night of the 4th of July a terrific 

 storm of wind and rain prevailed over several 

 counties of the State, destroying a large num- 

 ber of buildings, damaging crops, and causing 

 considerable loss of life. The little village of 

 Rockdale, built in a ravine about two miles 

 from Dubuque, and having about fifty inhab- 

 itants, was entirely swept away, and more 

 than forty of the people were drowned. There 

 were several lives lost in Madison and Warren 

 Counties. The damage to property in the lat- 

 ter was estimated at $300,000. Houses and 

 barns were destroyed, large fields of corn 

 ruined, and orchards and timber-land injured. 

 The exact loss to life and property was not as- 

 certained. 



ITALY, a kingdom of Southern Europe. 

 King, Victor Emanuel II., born March 14, 

 1820; succeeded to the throne of Sardinia, on 

 the abdication of his father, March 23, 1849 ; 

 proclaimed King of Italy by vote of an Italian 

 Parliament, March 17, 1861 ; married, April 12, 

 1842, to the Archduchess Adelaide of Austria ; 

 widower January 20, 1855; married again, in 

 morganatic marriage, to Rosina, Countess of 

 Mirafiore. Children of the King : 1. Heir-ap- 

 parent, Humbert, Prince of Piedmont, born 

 March 14, 1814; married, April 22, 1868, to 

 Princess Margaretta of Genoa ; offspring of 

 the union is a son, Victor Emanuel, Prince of 

 Naples, born November 11, 1869. 2. Amadeo, 

 Duke of Aosta, born May 30, 1845; King of 

 Spain from December 4, 1870, to February 11, 

 1873 ; married, May 30, 1867, to Princess Maria 

 della Cisterna, died in 1876 ; offspring of the 

 union, three sons : Emanuel, Duke of Apulia, 

 born 1869 ; Victor, Duke of Turin, born 1870; 

 Louis, born 1873. 8. Clotilde, born 1843, wife 

 of Prince Napoleon Bonaparte. 4. Maria Pia, 

 born 1847, wife of King Luiz of Portugal. 



A new ministry was formed in 1876, com- 

 posed of the following members: A. Depretis, 

 President of the Council of Ministers and Min- 

 ister of Finances; Baron J. Nicotera, Minister 

 of the Interior; L. A. Melegari, Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs; P. S. Mancini, Minister of 

 Justice and Worship ; Lieutenant-General L. 

 Mezzacapo, Minister of War ; B. Brin, Minister 

 of the Navy ; M. Coppino, Minister of Public 

 Instruction; J. Zanardelli, Minister of Public 

 Works ; S. Majorana-Calatabiano, Minister of 

 Agriculture and Commerce. 



The following table gives the area* of the 



* By sentence of a conrt of arbitration, May 17, 1875, lx 

 square miles formerly belonging to the Swiss canton of Tlcino 

 were nUiled to Piedmont. 



