JANES, EDMUND 8. 



JAPAN. 



423 



house near (iirtfcnti. along with five compan- 

 ions, of whom two proved to be the Cavaliori 

 Trainiti, uml another tlie Barouetto Celauro, 

 in. n mixing in the beat society of the island. 

 In the fall Mr. Forster Rose was captured by 

 the brigand Leone, near the railway-station at 

 Leroara. A ransom of 60,000 lire was refused, 

 ami Mr. Rose was carried off. The Minister 

 of the Interior sent a peremptory order to the 

 Prefect of Palermo that unless Mr. Rose was 

 restored to his friends, and Leone and his band 

 were taken within eight days, all the officers 



of the mounted police throughout that dirtrict 

 would be degraded. After eighteen day* of 

 captivity, Mr. Rose was released, on payment 

 of 60,000 lire as a ransom. 



The richest of the Italian millionaires, the 

 Duke de Galliera, died the last week in Novem- 

 ber, leaving a fortune estimated at 8,0"' 

 or $40,000,000. Ho had recently made the 

 municipality of Genoa a present of 800,inni, 

 or $4,000,000, for public works, and was 

 contemplating other improvements when he 

 died. 



JANES, EDMUND STONER, an American 

 clergyman, died in New York, September 

 18tR. He was born in Sheffield, Mass., April 

 27, 1807. His early life was mostly spent in 

 Salisbury, Conn. From 1824 to 1830 he was 

 employed in teaching, and occupied his lei- 

 sure in the study of the law, intending to 

 follow that profession ; but he entered the 

 ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 

 nn'l in 1830 joined the Philadelphia Confer- 

 ence. From this time he devoted himself to 

 the study of theology, and during the intervals 

 of immediate pastoral labor he also read ex- 

 tensively in medicine. In May, 1840, he was 

 appointed financial secretary of the American 

 Bible Society, and remained in this office until 

 1844, when he was elected bishop. During 

 the thirty years of his episcopal labors Bishop 

 Janes had been intrusted with some of the 

 most grave and delicate duties connected with 

 the affairs of the Methodist Church, among 

 which may be mentioned his appointment as 

 delegate to the British Wesleyan Conference in 

 1864, and the supervision and inspection of the 

 Scandinavian, German, and Swiss missions in 

 Europe from 1864 to 1868. In 1865 he visited 

 England as delegate of the American Bible So- 

 ciety to the British and Foreign Bible Society; 

 and he also attended the French Wesleyan Con- 

 ference at Paris, and the Irish Conference at 

 Cork. At Bremen he delivered before a large 

 meeting an address on the death of President 

 Lincoln, which was widely circulated in North- 

 ern Europe, and had an important effect on 

 public sentiment there at a critical period. His 

 residence had long been in New York City. 



JAPAN,* an empire in Eastern Asia. The 

 appellation by which the Emperor is generally 

 known in foreign countries is the ancient title 

 of Mikado, or the venerable. Present Mikado, 

 Mutsu Hito, born at Yedo, September 22, 1852 ; 

 succeeded his father, Komei Tenno, 1867 ; 

 married December 28, 1868, to Princess Ha- 

 ruko, born April 17, 1850, daughter of Prince 

 Itchidgo. The first child of the Emperor was 

 born in 1873, but died soon after. There is no 

 regular law of succession, and the throne gener- 



* See ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA of 1875 for latest statistics of 

 Imports, exports, and movement of shipping. 



ally devolves not on the son of the Mikado, but 

 on the eldest or the most distinguished member 

 of the house. It is only necessary that the new 

 Mikado belong to one of the four royal families 

 Katzura, Arisugawa, Fushimi, or Kannin. 



By a treaty concluded with Russia May 7, 

 1875, Japan ceded to Russia its share of the 

 island of Saghalien, and received in turn the 

 Kurile Islands, heretofore belonging to Russia. 

 The empire now consists of the Japanese Isl- 

 ands, the island of Yezo, the Kuriles, and the 

 Liu-Kiu (Loo-Choo) Islands. The area of the 

 empire is now 157,447.59 square miles, and the 

 population, according to a census begun in 1873 

 and finished in December, 1875, 33,300,675, an 

 increase over the previous census taken in 1872 

 of 189,850. Deducting from the total popula- 

 tion that of the island of Saghalien, which has 

 since been annexed to Russia (excepting 625, 

 who, in consequence of the annexation, emigrat- 

 ed), the actual population of Japan is 33,299,014. 

 According^to a French paper published in Ja- 

 pan, the Echo du Japan, the population in 1875 

 consisted of 31 members of the imperial fam- 

 ily, 2,829 Kasoku (noblemen), 1,548.568 Samu- 

 rai, 343,881 Sotsu Samurai or Samurai of the 

 second rank, 3,380 Djishis or Samurai of the 

 third rank, 207,669 priests, 76,119 former 

 Shinto priests, 9,326 priestesses, 31,106,514 

 citizens, and 2,358 inhabitants of Saghalien. 

 For administrative purposes, the main portion 

 of the empire, the Japanese Islands, was in 

 1871 divided into three fus (Tokio, Kioto, 

 Ozaka) and seventy-two ken. The population 

 of the several fus and kens, according to the 

 census of 1875, had not yet been published by 

 the end of 1876. According to the preceding 

 census of 1872, the population of the fus and 

 kens was as follows : 



(Tokifl. 

 -{ Kifito. 

 co f Ozaka. 

 72 Kens... 



Total Japanese Islands 



J.4.7'1 



I8,7MJM 



1,M,084 



HUM 

 MjH 



;:.;.; ...-> 

 18,170,884 



T ul. 



779^61 

 687.884 

 e80,8W 



The government of Japan has been reorgan- 

 ized on a basis somewhat resembling the con- 



