KASHGAK. 



KENTUCKY. 



brought in the name of the United States and 

 on behalf of the settlers to set aside the patents 

 to the railroad companies. The decision of 

 the Circuit Court was in favor of the rights of 

 the settlers, and this was confirmed by the 

 Supreme Court. 



KASHGAR. See TUBKISTAN. 



KAYE, Sir JOHN WILLIAM, a British states- 

 man and historian, born in 1814 ; died July 

 24, 1876. He served for some time in Bengal 

 as a lieutenant of artillery on the East India 

 Company's establishment, and, returning to 

 England in 1845, he devoted himself to litera- 

 ture. In 1856 he entered the Home Civil 

 Service of the East India Company. When 

 the Government of India was transferred to 

 the crown, he was appointed secretary to the 

 Political and Secret Department of the India 

 Office, which position he held for nineteen 

 years, retiring to private life in October, 1874. 

 He was liberally provided for in his declining 

 years by the Council of India. He was a fel- 

 low of the Royal Society, and a knight com- 

 mander of the Star of India. Among his 

 works are : " The History of the War in Af- 

 ghanistan," "History of the Administration of 

 the East India Company" (1853), "The Life 

 and Correspondence of Lord Metcalfe " (1854), 

 " History of the Sepoy War in India, in 1857- 

 '58," "Christianity in India" (1859), and the 

 " Essays of an Optimist " (1870). He also con- 

 tributed to periodical literature, and was the 

 founder of the Calcutta Review, of which he 

 edited the earlier numbers, and contributed a 

 large number of the articles. 



KENTUCKY. The session of the Legisla- 

 ture of Kentucky, which began in December, 

 1875, was extended, by joint resolution, twenty 

 days beyond the regular limit of sixty days, 

 and did not come to a close until the 20th of 

 March. There were, in all, 1,037 acts and 54 

 joint resolutions passed ; but the great mass of 

 the legislation was of a special or private char- 

 acter, and the number of general laws of inter- 

 est or importance was very small. A large 

 number of enactments related to local courts, 

 fixing their jurisdiction, and the time and place 

 of holding terms. Among the acts worthy of 

 special mention was one establishing a Bureau 

 of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Statistics. 

 It provides for a commissioner to be appointed 

 by the Governor for a term of two years, with 

 a salary of $2,000 per annum, whose duty it 

 shall be to gather information and statistics 

 upon agriculture, horticulture, and other in- 

 dustrial interests, and encourage and assist the 

 formation of associations to promote such in- 

 terests. He is required to make an annual re- 

 port, " giving a general review of the agricult- 

 ural, horticultural, mineral, and industrial re- 

 sources of the entire State, with brief notices 

 of each county." An act was also passed con- 

 tinuing the geological survey of the State for 

 two years, and providing for its expense. An 

 act for the propagation and protection of food- 

 fishes in the waters of the State provided for 



the appointment of ten commissioners, one for 

 each congressional district, to take the neces- 

 sary measures for stocking the ponds and 

 rivers with fish. A general act was passed to 

 incorporate persons who may become pur- 

 chasers of any railroad sold under the decree 

 of a court. There was also an act passed to 

 regulate the sale of leaf-tobacco, aimed espe- 

 cially at the prevention of fraudulent weight. 

 Two or three acts had reference to the State 

 penitentiary, but no provision was made for 

 such an extension of the accommodations for 

 convicts as was needed. The sum of $25,000 

 was appropriated for the construction of new 

 cells. A bill authorizing the lease of convict 

 labor to contractors outside the prison passed 

 the House of Representatives, but there was 

 strong opposition to it, on the ground that it 

 would bring prison-labor into competition with 

 free labor, and it was finally defeated. Another 

 act provided for a deduction from the term of 

 confinement of prisoners equivalent to five 

 days in each month during which there should 

 be no complaint of misconduct. The several 

 acts organizing and regulating lunatic asylums 

 were revised and consolidated into one. Acts 

 were also passed making appropriations for 

 repairs and improvements in the lunatic asy- 

 lums of the State. Another act of the session 

 authorized county courts to establish work- 

 houses for the confinement of persons adjudged 

 guilty of misdemeanors. Among the other 

 acts passed was one reducing the legal rate o! 

 interest from ten to eight per cent., and one 

 fixing the rate of taxation at forty cents on the 

 hundred dollars, a reduction of five cents. An 

 act to incorporate the town of Newville was 

 vetoed by Governor McCreary, because it pro- 

 vided for a vote by ballot in that town, where- 

 as the constitution of the State declares that 

 " in all elections by the people " voting shall 

 be viva voce. An act providing for a registra- 

 tion of voters in the city of Louisville was 

 also vetoed. The Governor's main objection 

 to it was that it made different requirements 

 for voters in the city of Louisville from those 

 applicable in the rest of the State, while the 

 constitution declared that "all elections shall 

 be free and equal." 



He appeared also to be opposed to the prin- 

 ciple of the act. In stating his objections he 

 used the following expressions : 



It is not possible for elections to be free and un- 

 obstructed when a voter is denied the right of suf- 

 frage, simply because he was necessarily absent 

 from his precinct, or sick, the only day in which he 

 could have his name registered. Neither is it pos- 

 sible for elections to be equal in any proper sense 

 of the term, when the law so discriminates among 

 the electors as to require a different kind or a higher 

 degree of evidence to establish the qualifications of 

 one than it requires to establish the qualifications 

 of another. . . . 



Liberty-loving people should be careful how they 

 tear away the right of suffrage even from the friend- 

 less and defenseless immigrant, for if this be accom- 

 plished the time will soon approach when the poor 

 but honest sons of toil will be disfranchised also, 



