LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 187. 



473 



indeed, that a publisher is to be found who, 

 like Maisner, of Milan, is inclined to make 

 an outlay of 20,000 franca on one largo volume 

 in quarto, with illustrations, containing the 

 K-tirned iiurnitive by Prof. Enrico Giglioli of 

 his j^reat scientific voyage round the world in 

 tin- Magenta. The work deserves to take its 

 pl.-u-o among the best standard works of travel. 

 It li:is been edited with the utmost care. The 

 ethnological introduction which Prof. Paolo 

 Mantegazza has prefixed increases the value 

 of this book, which may be pronounced to be 

 the most important work that has appeared 

 this year. 



Although it would be difficult to point out, 

 amid this mass of books, a single one that could 

 be called a work of first-class originality and 

 merit, yet I can conscientiously aver that none 

 of these publications can be styled common- 

 place : each one has its own characteristics, and 

 has its own individual merits. Thus, among 

 the novels, there are several in which there is 

 much to appreciate and to admire. 



In dramatic and in lyric poetry Italian au- 

 thors have not been idle during 1876. The 

 year has given us our earliest printed copies of 

 several dramas by authors who just now are 

 enjoying popularity. 



Political excitement has more or less sub- 

 sided ; accordingly our poets have recently en- 

 joyed more favor than has been bestowed on 

 them for some years past. Italy's former love 

 of art has revived, and has partly expressed 

 itself in the care shown by the editors of sev- 

 eral poetical collections. 



NORWAY. The present year has not been 

 rich in literary productions. In belles-lettres 

 there is nothing deserving mention. Turning 

 to historical literature, I may mention that the 

 edition of the many and important historical 

 and philological essays of the late Prof. P. A. 

 Munch, by Dr. Gustav Storm, has been recent- 

 ly finished with the publication of the fourth 

 volume. 



In theology merit to be named the Rev. E. 

 F. B. Horn's book " On Atonement and Justi- 

 fication," and the Rev. A. 0. Bang's learned 

 essay " On the Historical Reality of the Resur- 

 rection of Christ." The first of these works 

 has provoked several protests from the strictly 

 orthodox party, as it in several respects clashes 

 with the old Lutheran dogmas, but his views 

 nave been defended by the author himself, not 

 without talent, and have also found approval 

 in the eyes of several authorities. 



In law, Prof. Aschehoug continues his im- 

 portant work, " Norges offentlige Ret " (" On 

 the Norwegian Constitution and Govern- 

 ment "), and Prof. Ingstad has written an es- 

 say on the study of Roman law, in which he 

 also treats of the present state of that study in 

 England. 



Axel Blytt has produced a learned essay (in 

 the English language) "On the Immigration 

 of the Norwegian Flora," which, as it de- 

 serves, has attracted much attention in foreign 



countries ; Dr. A. 8. Goldberg, a work "On 

 the Theory of Determinants; " ('. de s-ue 

 (in German), a treatise, " Windrosen den sud- 

 lichen Norwegens." The last work is printed 

 as a programme of the university. 



The renowned mathematician, Prof. O. J. 

 Broch, has made a most important contribution 

 to the knowledge of his native country in his 

 new book, entitled " The Kingdom of Nor- 

 way and the Norwegian People." This work, 

 which also appears in French translation, has 

 been provoked by the Exhibition at Brus- 

 sels. 



PORTUGAL. In ten months we have had 

 ninety translations. The " Vida Infernal " of 

 Gaboriau side by side with the " Cartas a um 

 Sceptico " of Balmes ; the " Historia e M i In- 

 gres da Virgem de Lourdes " of Lasserre in 

 front of the " Historia dos Coitadinhos Ce- 

 lebres " of H. Kock. Here are the two cur- 

 rents of the new literature, which are still the 

 illustrations of our manners and customs. On 

 one side the Ultramontane school publishes 

 the " Syllabus Justificado " and the " Egre- 

 ja Triumphante " of Maupier, multiplies the 

 number of catechisms and prayer-books, issues 

 new editions of the works of the old mystic 

 authors ; on the other side, a literary party, 

 without name and without character, translates 

 immoral romances, and makes detestable verses 

 full of profanity and caricatures of the most 

 sacred things. 



Of original works I cannot cite many. The 

 " Douro Illustrado," by the Viscount de Villa 

 Maior, is considered by competent authorities 

 as up to the mark of the author's capacity : he 

 is known by his studies and writings respect- 

 ing viniculture ; but the present is more a trea- 

 tise on curiosities and statistics than a work of 

 science. Prof. A. A. d'Aguiar, who was the 

 Portuguese Commissioner to the Exhibition of 

 Wines in London, has already published part 

 of his lectures on agriculture. They created 

 for him adversaries and heart-burnings. This 

 was to be expected, for Senhor d'Aguiar is a 

 man distinguished for science, conscientious- 

 ness, and honesty, 1 and, moreover, speaks what 

 he thinks. His lectures, which made so great 

 an impression when spoken, lose nothing of 

 their expressiveness in a printed form. 



In the section of belles-lettres, the reaction 

 against the extravagance of the French style 

 begins to operate ; the romances of Julio-Diniz 

 serve for an example. Pedro Ivo, Bento Mo- 

 reno, two noms de plume, figure on the title- 

 pages of notable books. The first, who was 

 already known by his " Contos," has now 

 published " O Sello da Roda," and Bento Mo- 

 reno has issued the "Oomedia do Campo," 

 pictures of manners, scenes in the Minho, small 

 unaffected stories, admirably, nay, adorably 

 narrated. 



A. Sarmento has also published the " Contos 

 do Soalheiro," an estimable work, in which is 

 found a rich collection of proverbs, adages, 

 idiotisms, and popular Portuguese phrases, as 



