540 



MEXICO. 



Supreme Court, and favorably known in the 

 literary world by tbe pseudonym of " El Ni- 

 gromante ; " Minister of Public Works, Gen- 

 eral Vicente Kiva Palacio, grandson of Guer- 

 rero, soldier, poet, and man of letters. 



Each State in the republic has its separate 

 government, the legislative power being exer- 

 cised by an Assembly styled the State Con- 

 gress, and the Executive by a Governor (gober- 

 nador constitutional). The Governors of the 

 several States, etc., were as follows in 1875 : 



STATES. Governor!. 



Aguas Calientes Sefior Don K. Eincon. 



Carapeachy 



Chiapas 



Chihuahua. . 



Coahuila 



Colima 



Durango 



Guanajuato. 



Guerrero 



Hidalgo 



Jalisco 



Mexico 



Michoacan . . 



Morelos 



Nuevo Leon 



Oajaca 



Puebla " 



Queretaro " 



San Luis Potosi " 



Similoa 



Sonora " 



Tabasco " 



Tamaulipas . " 



Tlaxcala " 



Vera Cruz " 



Yucatan " 



Zacatecas 



Federal District " 



Lower California (Ter.) " 



J. Baranda. 



A. Ochoa. 



A. G. Carrillo. 



F. Bravo. 



F. Herndndez Marin. 



F. Antillon. 



D. Alvarez. 

 J. Fernandez. 

 J. L. Camarena. 

 Enriquez. 



E. Carillo. 

 V. Llanos. 

 C. Fuero. 



T. L. Alatorre. 

 I. Romero Vargas. 



F. Villasefior. 

 Hernandez. 



M. Pesqueira. 

 S. Cruces. 

 8. Canales. 

 J. M. SaldaDa. 

 Mena. 



E. Ancona. 



J. 0. P6rez. 



F. Miranda y Castro. 



The Archbishop of Mexico is Monsefior P. 

 A. de Labastida (1863); of Michoacan, Dr. 

 Arciga ; of Guadalajara, Dr. P. Loza (1870). 



The Mexican minister plenipotentiary to the 

 United States is Sefior Don Ignacio Mariscal; 

 and the Mexican consul-general at New York, 

 Dr. Juan N". Navarre. The United States min- 

 ister plenipotentiary to Mexico is John W. 

 Foster ; and the United States consul-general 

 at the capital, Dr. Julius A. Skilton. 



Of the revenue, which has been in a dis- 

 ordered condition for many years, nearly two- 

 thirds are derived from the customs depart- 

 ment and analogous imposts. The total amount 

 of the revenue and expenditure for the year 

 ending June 30, 1875, is exhibited in the fol- 

 lowing tables: 



REVENCE. 



Customs receipts and harbor dues $11,567,582 



Taxes 2,805,691 



Stamp-duty 2,531.220 



Sale of Government lands 362,565 



Post-Office and Mint 926^154 



Sundries 513,825 



Total $18,707,037 



EXPENDITURE. 



Legislative I ti inr TO* 



Executive f $1,107,782 



Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, District Courts. . 315,310 



Ministry of the Interior. 1,997,345 



" Foreign Affairs 208,760 



" Justice, etc 91 2.3!)5 



" Finance 4.219,363 



War and Navy 10.691,967 



" Public Works 5,496,853 



Total. $24,8-19,775 



The subjoined table shows the amount and 

 branches of the revenue for the year 1875- 

 '76: 



General customs receipts $10,217,646 



Custom-house of Mexico 1,252,744 



Stamped paper . . 2,455,935 



Direct contributions 531,149 



National property 212,648 



Mint 942,054 



Public instruction 78,959 



Post-Office 549,820 



Sundries 7,566,716 



Total $28,807,671 



The expenditure for the same year was esti- 

 mated as follows : 



Legislative $1,074,162 



Executive 48,172 



Supreme Court (Judiciary) 828,228 



Ministry of tbe Interior 1,963,496 



" Foreign Affairs 209,860 



" Justice, etc 910,538 



Finance 4,179,071 



War and Navy 10.554,747 



" Public Works 5,623,253 



Total $24,891,522 



The total amount of the national debt 

 home and foreign of Mexico was estimated 

 at $395,500,000 in 1876. But no official re- 

 turns have been made since 1865. 



In the article MEXICO, in the ANNUAL CY- 

 CLOPAEDIA for 1874, will be found minute de- 

 tails relative to the national debt and the 

 army of the republic. 



The following remarks on the subject of 

 education, chiefly derived from an official re- 

 port prepared by Sefior Jos6 Diaz Covarrubias, 

 assistant secretary in the ministry of Public 

 Instruction, etc., and published in 1876, may be 

 regarded as supplementary to those contained 

 in our volume for 1874. 



Primary schools are distributed throughout 

 the country as follows : 



Of these schools, 5,567 are for boys alone ; 

 1,594 for girls; 548 for both sexes; 124 for 

 men; 21 for women; and 249 without any 

 special programme. The yearly expenses for 

 primary instruction amount to $2,784,168. 



Primary instruction in the Federal District 

 comprises reading, penmanship, elementary 

 grammar, arithmetic, metric system, drawing, 

 geography, ethics, and hygiene. The girls are 

 taught, besides these branches, others exclu- 

 sively pertaining to their sex. 



Primary and secondary as well as profes- 

 sional education is earnestly promoted by the 

 Government. The order of studies, exami- 



