554 MICROMETER-TELESCOPE. 



MINNESOTA. 



ing out the provision in the constitution which 

 prohibits licensing the sale of liquors, which 

 has been in force twenty-five years. Adopted 

 yes, 60,639 ; no, 52,561. 2. Allowing consti- 

 tutional amendments to be voted upon in the 

 spring. Adopted yes, 52,306; no, 21,984. 

 8. Increasing salaries of circuit judges from 

 $1,500 to $2,500. Defeated yes, 65,371 ; 

 no, 65,966. 



At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadel- 

 phia the State was represented very satisfac- 

 torilythe exhibition being under the general 

 management of a board consisting of the Gov- 

 ernor, and Messrs. M. I. Mills, J. J. Woodman, 

 H. Fralich, and J. A. Hubbell. The following 

 persons had charge of different departments : 

 Educational, D. 0. Jacokes; Mineral, S. 

 Brady; Agricultural and Pomological, C. E. 

 Inglefritz. The Michigan building was con- 

 structed entirely of Michigan wood, slate, and 

 stone, and was a good specimen of neat and 

 substantial architecture, constructed for com- 

 fortable occupation. The number of Michigan 

 visitors registered there was over 31,000. The 

 exhibits made by the board consisted of 1,200 

 varieties of woods and shrubs, 210 varieties 

 of grasses sent by the Agricultural College, 

 540 samples of wool, 500 specimens of grains 

 and seeds, 475 specimens of iron, copper, and 

 gypsum, 40 of salt and salt-brine, many sam- 

 ples of building-stone and slate, 370 archaeo- 

 logical specimens illustrative of prehistoric 

 ages, 475 specimens of fruit. Of the show of 

 fruit, Mr. Landreth, the Superintendent of the 

 Agricultural Department of the Exposition, 

 says : " It at all times exceeded that of any 

 other State, and in the aggregate more than 

 doubled the quantity sent from any other 

 State, while the variety and quality were unex- 

 ampled. The display of fruit alone was of in- 

 calculable value as a means of directing the 

 thoughtful to the resources of Michigan." 



MICROMETER-TELESCOPE. The port- 

 able micrometer for finding distances, invented 

 by Rogers, is an adaptation of the divided- 

 object-glass principle originated by Dolland. 

 This method of determining distances has been 

 used in astronomical observations, and large 

 instruments on this principle have been in use 

 for some time ; but a portable micrometer, for 

 use on shipboard or in land and harbor sur- 

 veys, is a new and valuable idea. The Rogers 

 micrometer has considerable advantages over 

 the Rochon micrometer, the only smaller in- 

 strument of the kind before used, being more 

 compact and manageable, and much more ac- 

 curate. By a new arrangement of the slides 

 and micrometer-screw, the compact form is 

 obtained, which is convenient enough for use 

 in a ship, boat, or on horseback. The read- 

 ings are taken by combining the number in- 

 dicated on a revolving micrometer- head in 

 front of the object-glass, and the number in- 

 dicated on a sliding scale. Each instrument 

 is provided with both an ordinary eye-piece 

 magnifying fourteen diameters, and an invert- 



ing eye-piece magnifying ten diameters. The 

 corrected zero-reading, the number of microm- 

 eter-divisions, and the value in seconds of the 

 arc of each division, can be determined at any 

 time by brief calculations. The index-correc- 

 tion, or the difference between the indicated 

 zero-reading and the absolute reading, must be 

 applied in all observations. The angle, sub- 

 tended by a vertical object, can be directly 

 noted in terms of the micrometer-divisions. 

 The height of an object being known, its 

 distance is found by multiplying the height 

 into the cotangent of the angle it subtends 

 (formula : d = h x -~^)- The values of all 

 angles in terms of the micrometer-divisions 

 may be made into a table for each instru- 

 ment for the sake of convenience. By means 

 of three or more spars of known height set 

 up on the shore, a complete harbor-survey can 

 be made of a harbor with the micrometer. 

 Among the various uses to which this inesti- 

 mable instrument can be applied are : to sur- 

 vey an anchorage ; to find the position of a ves- 

 sel in reference to a lighthouse ; to observe 

 the relative positions of ships in a fleet ; and 

 to observe whether a pursuing or fleeing vessel 

 is losing or gaining ground. 



MILMAN, ROBERT, Bishop of Calcutta, born 

 in 1816 ; died March 15, 1876. After receiving 

 an education at Westminster School and Exeter 

 College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1839, and 

 was, successively, Curate of Winwick, North- 

 amptonshire; Vicar of Chaddleworth, Berks; 

 Vicar of Lambourne, Berks; and Vicar of 

 Great Mario w, Bucks. In 1867 he was conse- 

 crated Bishop of Calcutta, in succession to Dr. 

 Cotton, who was drowned in India, in Octo- 

 ber, 1866. He was the author of the following 

 works: "The Life of Tasso" (2 vols., 1848), 

 "Conversion of Pomerania," "Love of the 

 Atonement," " Meditations on Confirmation," 

 "Voices of the Harvest," and "The Way 

 through the Desert; or, the Caravan" (1850). 



MINNESOTA. The State of Minnesota has 

 a Bureau of Statistics, under the charge of 

 Commissioner J. B. Phillips. The labor of ob- 

 taining returns and making up the annual re- 

 port necessarily keeps the statistics about one 

 year behind, those for 1875 being made up in 

 1876. According to the last report, the prod- 

 uct of the leading grains in 1875 was as fol- 

 lows: 



The number of acres sown in 1876 was : 

 wheat, 1,860,421 ; oats, 482,745 ; corn, 301,315. 

 The wheat-crop of this year was compara- 

 tively a failure, the yield scarcely exceeding 

 eight bushels to the acre, while the average of 

 other years has been over 17 bushels. In 1875 

 the product of butter was 12,029,372 pounds; 

 cheese, 1,009,999 pounds. Great interest has 

 been taken in tree-planting, and over 10,000,- 



