654 



PALACKY, FKANZ. 



PAYNE, JOSEPH. 



of the State, and was elected the first Repre- 

 sentative of the new State in Congress, taking 

 his seat in February, 1859. He subsequently 

 resumed the practice of law, but from 1867 to 

 1870 was engaged in the milling business. He 

 was elected Governor of the State in 1870, and 

 reflected in 1874 for the term ending Septem- 



ber, 1878. He has always been a Democrat in 

 politics. 



Governor Grover resigned his office on the 

 1st of February, 1877, and it was immediately 

 assumed by Stephen F. Chadwick, the Secre- 

 tary of State, upon whom it devolved by law 

 until a new Governor should be chosen. 



PALAOKY, FRANZ, a Bohemian historian 

 and statesman, born June 14, 1798 ; died May 

 26, 1876. He was educated in Presburg and 

 Vienna, and, exposed to Bohemian influences, 

 he received as a boy those impressions which 

 characterized his after-course in literature and 

 politics. In 1818 he published, together with 

 Schafarik, the "Elements of Bohemian Poetry," 

 in Bohemian. The fragments of a " Theory of 

 the Beautiful," which appeared three years 

 later, were succeeded, in 1823, by his " Gen- 

 eral History of ^Esthetics," which gained for 

 him considerable celebrity. In 1823 he went 

 to Prague, where, in the employ of a noble- 

 man, he studied the libraries and archives of 

 old Bohemian families, and thus obtained a 

 knowledge of the history of the nobility of 

 that country, which has never been equaled. 

 In 1827 he was appointed editor of the Ger- 

 man and Bohemian journals of the National 

 Museum, to which he contributed a large num- 

 ber of valuable articles. This position he re- 

 tained until 1838, when he went to Italy. In 

 1848 he obtained a seat in the Government 

 Council of Bohemia. He then took an active 

 part in the Slavic Congress, and was for a time 

 the leader of the Slavic parties in the Reichs- 

 tags of Vienna and Kremsier. In 1861 he was 

 created a life-member of the Austrian Herren- 

 haus. He was also for a great number of 

 years a member of the Bohemian Diet. His 

 principal work is the " Geschichte von Boh- 

 men" (5 vols., 1836-'67), which he wrote at 

 the instance of the Government. Among his 

 other works are: " Wurdigung der alten boh- 

 mischen Geschichtschreiber " (1830); "Do- 

 browski'sLebenundgelehrtesWirken " (1833); 

 " Literarische Reise nach Italien im Jahre 1837, 

 zur Anfsuchung der Quellen der bohmischen 

 und mahrischen Geschichte" (1838); "Die al- 

 testen Denkmaler der bohmischen Sprache " 

 (together with Schafarik, 1840) ; and " Die Idee 

 des osterreichischen Staates" (1865). He also 

 established (1869) a collection of "Documen- 

 ta" relating to the life and doctrines of John 

 Huss, which is of great importance. 



PARAGUAY (REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY).* 

 The little official news received from Paraguay 

 during 1876 was of inconsiderable importance, 

 though it gives abundant proof of a gradual 

 coming round. The country now enjoys peace ; 

 its industries are receiving new development, 



* Statistical details will be found in the volumes of the 

 ANNUAL CTCLOP.EDIA for 1874 and 1875. 



and coffee-planting has been greatly extended. 

 Over 1,000 women were sent to a single plan- 

 tation, which bids fair to be, in time, one of the 

 finest coffee-plantations in South America. The 

 payment of the interest on the home-loan, or 

 Deuda Jnterna, has been resumed. The receipts 

 of the custom - house are even larger than 

 those of Buenos Ayres. The present form of 

 government is cheap and economical, and, ap- 

 parently, better suited to the country than 

 other more complicated systems, too costly for 

 the republic to support, and too weak to main- 

 tain law and order. Bondholders regard the 

 change as a happy one for the Banda Oriental, 

 and look forward hopefully to the early re- 

 sumption of the payment of Paraguayan cou- 

 pons in London. 



PATIN, HENRI JOSEPH GunxArME, a French 

 scholar, born August 21, 1793 ; died February 

 18, 1876. He was educated at the Normal 

 School in Paris, where he became, in 1815, 

 Master of Conferences of Ancient and Modern 

 Literature. In 1818 he was appointed Profess- 

 or of Rhetoric in the College Henri IV. He 

 soon distinguished himself by his method of 

 instruction, while he also gained some reputa- 

 tion as an author by his eulogies on Bernardin 

 de Saint-Pierre (1816), Le Sage (1822), Bos- 

 suet (1824), and by his "Discours snr la Vie 

 et les Ouvrages de Thou" (1827). In 1830 he 

 succeeded M. Villemain in the Sorbonne, and 

 after the death of Lemaire, in 1833, he was ap- 

 pointed to the chair of Latin poetry. Here 

 he showed a profound knowledge of ancient 

 literature, and a decided predilection for the 

 authors of the age of Augustus, and particu- 

 larly for Horace, on whose works he was con- 

 sidered one of the best authorities. In 16G5, 

 upon the death of M. Leclerk, he was elected 

 Dean of the Faculty of Letters. He was elect- 

 ed a member of the French Academy in 1843, 

 was created an officer of the Legion of Honor 

 in 1845, and a commander in 1865. He was 

 the author of " Etudes sur les Tragiques Grecs " 

 (3 vols., 1841-'43), and contributed a number 

 of articles to the Recue Encyclopedique, Revue 

 des Deux Mondes, etc. 



PAYNE, JOSEPH, a British educator, born in 

 1808; died April 30, 1876. He devoted him- 

 self early to the cause of education. After 

 having retired for some years from active 

 work, he was appointed, in 1873, to the newly- 

 founded professorship of education in the Col- 

 lege of Preceptors, the first chair in any pub- 



