662 



PERU. 



PEUCKER, EDUARD VON. 



the time of the election of General Prado's 

 predecessor, Sefior Manuel Pardo ; Sr. Arani- 

 bar was a member of Balta's cabinet ; and 

 Seftores Garcia y Garcia and Benavides were 

 always among Pardo's chief supporters. 



The Archbishop of Lima is P. Orueta y 

 Castrillon ; President of the Supreme Court, 

 M. Vidaurre; Postmaster-General, Z. Davila 

 Condemarin ; Inspector-General of the Army 



and Navy, General P. Silva; Commandant-Gen- 

 eral of the Navy, Post-Captain D. de la Haza. 



The army, in 1875, was composed of three 

 regiments of horse, 1,200 men ; eight battalions 

 of foot, 5,600; two brigades of artillery, 1,000; 

 and 5,400 gendarmes: total, 13,200 men. 



In the summer of 1876 the navy comprised 

 six iron-clads, with an aggregate armament of 

 38 guns ; and six other steamers, mounting an 



CIIINCUA ISLANDS. 



aggregate armament of 56 guns: total arma- 

 ment, 94 guns. 



In the budget for the fiscal year 1875-'76 

 the revenue was estimated at 65,566,140 soles,* 

 and the expenditures for the same year at 77,- 

 200,000 soles, constituting a deficit of 11,633,- 

 860 soles. 



The following table exhibits the state of the 

 national debt in January, 1876 : 



Solet. 



Home debt 24.952,153 



Foreign debt 165,930,530 



Floating debt 23,000,000 



Total. 



In the absence of official returns concerning 

 the foreign trade of Peru, we can merely say 

 that the exports, consisting mainly of guano 

 and cubic nitre, are of a mean annual value of 

 38,000,000 soles; the value of the imports be- 

 ing somewhat over that figure. The guano 

 shipped to Great Britain in 1875 was of the 

 value of $5,342,850 (86,042 tons), and the cu- 

 bic nitre of the value of $8,965,550 (2,979,876 

 tons). Both these commodities are Govern- 

 ment monopolies. General Prado, then Presi- 

 dent-elect of the Republic, proceeded to Eng- 

 land in March, 1876, for the purpose of con- 

 tracting for the shipment of guano on an 

 extensive scale; and on June 13th the follow- 

 ing telegram was received at Lima: 



On 8th instant, signed contract with Raphael & 

 Sons, Candamo & Heeren, for consignment of 1,900,- 

 000 tons of guano ; fixed expenses at 4 15*., if freight 

 does not exceed 70*. ; if over, Government pays ex- 

 cess. Loading, 10. per effective ton ; annuity, 700,- 

 000, beginning with January last. The debt to An- 

 glo-Peruvian Bank to be deducted from first install- 

 ment ; excess for bondholders ; interest both ways, 

 five per cent. ; Dreyfus guaranteed ; other clauses 

 improved. Approved of by English bondholders. 

 Am discussing the manner of arranging debt service. 

 The Government may draw for 100,000 on Raphael 

 & Sons. PRADO. 



* The sol is equivalent to about 96 cents, gold, of United 

 States money. 



A revolutionary movement, under the leader- 

 ship of Don Nicolas de Pierola, in October, 

 was put down within the month. At the end 

 of the year the republic was in a state of 

 perfect peace; an improvement was apparent 

 in financial matters; exchange ruled at easier 

 rates; money was obtainable on better terms; 

 and a healthier tone prevailed, both in financial 

 arid commercial circles. 



PEUCKER, EDUARD VON, a German gener- 

 al, born January 19, 1791 ; died February 10, 

 1876. In his eighteenth year he entered the 

 artillery ; took part in the Russian campaign 

 of 1812, in the army corps furnished by Prus- 

 sia, and returned from this campaign as adju- 

 tant in the artillery of this corps. In the 

 campaigns against Napoleon that followed he 

 held a similar position in the corps of General 

 von York. After the conclusion of peace he 

 received an appointment in the Ministry of 

 War, where he soon gained a prominent posi- 

 tion by his extensive knowledge, and made 

 himself specially known by his plans for the 

 improvement of guns. In 1822 he was ap- 

 pointed major ; in 1834, lieutenant-colonel ; in 

 1842, major-general ; and in 1848, military com- 

 missioner for Prussia in the Federal Military 

 Commission in Frankfort. In the same year 

 he was appointed Minister of War for the em- 

 pire by the Reiohsverweser (regent of the em- 

 pire), and in 1849 had command of the troops 

 operating against Baden. Having advanced to 

 lieutenant-general in 1849, he was appointed 

 in the following year a member of the Central 

 Federal Commission, and remained in that 

 body up to its dissolution. In 1854 he was ap- 

 pointed inspector-general of the military edu- 

 cation of Prussia, and in 1858 became general 

 of the infantry. His most important act as 

 inspector-general of military education, which 

 position he retained up to his death, was the 

 reorganization of the military schools of the 

 kingdom. He was the author of u Das deutsche 



