678 



PEUSSIA. 



means of helping on the national development 

 of the Church in Hayti. 



The Commission of Bishops appointed by the 

 House of Bishops, and placed in charge of the 

 relations of the Protestant Episcopal Church 

 in the United States with the "Mexican Branch 

 of the Catholic Church of our Lord Jesus Christ 

 Militant upon Earth," in October issued a circu- 

 lar calling attention to the need of the Mexican 

 Church for help, inviting contributions in its 

 aid, and stating the appointment of a committee 

 of three presbyters and four laymen as a special 

 auxiliary committee for Mexican relief, to take 

 the needful measures for raising moneys and ad- 

 ministering financial assistance to the Mexican 

 Church during the pressure of its necessities. 



PEUSSIA, a kingdom of Europe, forming 

 part of the German Empire. King, William I., 

 German Emperor and King of Prussia. (For an 

 account of the royal family, see GERMANY.) 



The Prussian ministry in 1876 was composed 

 as follows: President, Prince von Bismarck, 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chancellor of 

 the German Empire; Camphausen (appointed 

 October 26, 1869), Minister of Finance ; Count 

 zu Eulenburg (December 9, 1862), Minister of 

 the Interior; Dr. Leonhardt (December 5, 

 1867), Minister of Justice ; Dr. Falk (January 

 22, 1872), Minister of Ecclesiastical, Education- 

 al, and Medical Affairs; General von Kameke 

 (November 9, 1873), Minister of War ; Dr. Ach- 

 enbach (May 13, 1873), Minister for Commerce, 

 Trade, and Public Works; Dr. Friedenthal 

 (September 19, 1874), Minister of Agricultural 

 Affairs; Von Billow (June 6, 1876), Secretary 

 of State in the Foreign Office; Hofmann (June 

 6, 1876), President of the Imperial Chancery. 



According to the budget for the year 1876, 

 the revenue and expenditures were estimated 

 each at 651,429,400 marks (1 mark = 23.8 cents). 

 The revenue, which is divided under seven 

 heads, representing the various ministerial de- 

 partments, with the exception of the Ministry 

 of Foreign Affairs, was as follows : 



I. MINISTRY OF FINANCE: 



1. Income from crown-lands and forests... . 74.231,354 



2. Direct Taxes : 



a. Land-tax (Grundsteuer) 39.862,000 



ft. House-tax 15,761,000 



c. Income-tax 29,347,000 



d. Class-tax tKlassensteuer).. . 41,505,000 

 . Trade-tax (Gewerbesteuer). . 17,423,000 



/. Railroad dues 4,888,000 



ff. Direct taxes in Hohenzollern. 249,000 

 A. Miscellaneous 1 56,000 



Total direct taxes ~ 148,696,000 



8. Indirect Taxes : 



a. Share of imperial customs 



and taxes 15,194,130 



b. Succession-tax 4,000,000 



C. Stamp-tax 28,000,000 



d. Bills of exchange 89,340 



6. Bridge, harbor, river, and 



canal dues 2,183,000 



/. Miscellaneous 1,743,580 



Total indirect taxes 46,210,000 



4. State lottery 4,035,500 



5. Seehandlung (Naval Commercial Institu- 



tion) 8.450,000 



6. The mint 2,304.000 



7. State printing-office 1,434,600 



8. Miscellaneous 43,861,671 



Total revenue of Ministry of Finance . . . 827,823,125 



Total revenue of Ministry of Finance 



II. MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, INDUSTRY, AND 

 PUBLIC WORKS: 



1. General administration 1,148,778 



2. Produce of mines, furnaces, 



and salines 108,175,545 



8. State railways 167,838,387 



4. Porcelain-manufactory in Ber- 

 lin 555,000 



Total revenue of Ministry of Commerce, 



etc '. 272,212,660 



III. State Ministry 482,530 



IV. Ministry of Justice 42,815,000 



V. Ministry of the Interior 2,968,991 



VI. M inistry of Agriculture 8,S50,'240 



VII. Ministry of Ecclesiastical, Educational, and 



Medical Affairs 1,281,854 



Total revenue 651,429,400 



A remarkable feature of the revenue system 

 of Prussia is the rapid increase of the receipts 

 from railroads and other state undertakings, 

 such as mines. It is expected that they will 

 soon become a far more fruitful source of in- 

 come than all taxation, direct or indirect. 



The expenditures are divided into continuing 

 (fortdauernde) and transitory (einmalige) and 

 extraordinary ( ausserordentliche ) disburse- 

 ments. The continuing are subdivided into 

 current expenditures (Betriebsausgiiben), ad- 

 ministrative expenditures (Staatsverwaltungs- 

 ausgaben), and charges on the consolidated 

 fund (Dotation en). In the estimates for 1876 

 the branches of expenditures were as fol- 

 lows: 



I. CtTBKENT EXPENDITURES: 



1. Ministry of Finance 66,674,980 



2. Ministry of Commerce, Indus- 



try, and Public Works 202,566,865 



8. Ministry of State 507,275 



Total current expenditures 269,749,120 



II. ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURES: 



1. Ministry of Finance 109,908,571 



2. Ministry of Commerce, Indus- 



try, and Public Works 1 9,637,385 



8. Ministry of Justice 65,61 5,000 



4 Ministry of the Interior 85,064,552 



5. Ministry of Agriculture 9,836,707 



6. Ministry of Public Instruction, 



and Ecclesiastical Affairs 44,700,647 



7. Ministry of State 1,770,406 



8. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ... 411,600 



Total administrative expenditures 286,944,818 



III. CHARGES ON CONSOLIDATED FUND: 



1. Addition to the "Krondota- 



tion " of the King 4,500,000 



2. Interest of public debt, exclu- 



sive of railroad debt 88,812,280 



8. Sinking-fund 16,058.983 



4. Annuities and management... 1,729,737 



5. Herrenhaus (House of Lords). 168,110 



6. Abgeordnetenhaus (House of 



Deputies) 1,362,180 



Total charges on consolidated fund 62,466,180 



Total continuing expenditures 619,160,118 



Transitory and extraordinary expenditures. . . 82,269,ii82 



Total expenditures 651,429,400 



The public debt, embracing the national 

 debt bearing interest which includes the con- 

 solidated debt, debt of provinces, non-consol- 

 idated loans, etc. and the national debt not 

 bearing interest, according to a report laid 

 before the House of Deputies in the session of 

 1876, was on January 1, 1876, as follows: 





