TURKEY. 



751 



If \ve add to these figures the islands in the 



Kun>|ir:i!i wati-rs Samot linicc, Imbros, I.cin- 



nil ll:if.Musirati. which iii ;in administra- 

 tive |n)int of view belong t<> an Asiatic vilayet 

 of 402 s'|uari- miles, with -27, sun ( 'liristians and 

 1,874 Mohammedans: total, '2!),<i74 inhabitants 

 \\i- obtain I'm- Kuropnan Turkey an area of 

 140,868 square miles, with 4,820,243 Chris- 

 tians, :;. ill 1,480 Mohammedans, and 75,165 

 K-ws : total, 8,50(5,888 inhabitants. 



According to W. Jakshitch, chief of the sta- 

 tistical bureau of Belgrade, Servia, the inhabi- 

 tants of Turkey proper in Europe were dividrd 



:ard to nationality into 3,782,500 Slav! 

 (1,871,800 Servians, l,8f0,500 Bulgarians!, 

 l.uiH.200 Greeks, 1,229,200 Albanians, 199,600 

 II >u;n:ini:iii3, and 2,210,800 Turks. Compar- 

 ing the number of Turks with the number of 

 Mohammedans as given above, it appears that 

 the Turkish race constitutes less than two- 

 thirds of the Mohammedan population of Eu- 

 ropean Turkey :, The remainder is made up of 

 Mohammedans, Bosnians, Bulgarians, and Al- 

 banians. In Bosnia, in particular, the entire 

 nobility has embraced Islamism, in order to re- 

 tain its feudal privileges, and, while strictly ad- 

 hering to its nationality and language, has re- 

 peatedly shown a fanatical opposition to all 

 concessions which the Porte has made or in- 

 tended to make to its Christian subjects. In 

 three only of the thirty-three sanjaks Rust- 

 chuk, Tultsha, and Varna (in the vilayet of 

 the Danube) the Turkish race constitutes the 

 bulk of the population. The Turks are also 

 numerous in the Rhodope Mountains, on the 

 boundary between the Bulgarians and Greeks 

 (the vilayets of Adrianople and Salonica). On 

 the coast of the ^Egean Sea and the Sea of Mar- 

 mora, as well as on the southeastern coast of 

 the Black Sea, they live in the midst of the 

 more numerous Greeks, but they disappear 

 more and more the nearer we approach Con- 

 stantinople. On all the coasts mentioned the 

 Greeks have a numerical preponderance. They 

 inhabit in compact masses the sanjaks on the 

 ^Egean Sea and the Sea of Marmora, those on 

 the Black Sou up to the river Kamtchyk, and 

 the island of Crete. The Slavic Bulgarians 

 live soutli of the Danube, and their territory is 

 bounded by the Danube, the Tirnok, and a line 

 passing through the cities Nissa, Prisrend, Och- 

 rida, Kastoria, Xiaglmsta, Salonica, Adrianople, 

 Burgas on the Black Sea, Slivno, and Rasgrad. 

 Sporadically they are found among the Alba- 

 nese, the Greeks, the Wallachians, and in the 

 Dobrudja. The other of the large Slavic tribes 

 of Turkey, the Servians, inhabiting the princi- 

 pality of Servia, Bosnia, the Herzegovina, and 

 Montenegro, occupy the territory between the 

 Bulgarian Morava, the Save, and the Dalmatian 

 frontier as far as Albania. On the right bank 

 of the Bulgarian Morava they are living inter- 

 mixed with the Roumanians. The Albanians, 

 whom the Turks call Arnauts, while they 

 call themselves Skipetars, are of Gneco-Latin 

 origin, and are regarded as descendants of the 



ancient Illyrians. The northern boundary of 

 the territory inhabited by them embraci--, the 

 south and the east of Montenegro, and almo-t 

 extends to the Bulgarian Morava, while the 

 southern boundary-line separates it from Hel- 

 las. The Roumanians in the principality of 

 Roumnnia also belong to the Gneco- Latin fam- 

 ily. Some colonies of Roumanians are also 

 found in the midst of the Bulgarians, tin- 

 vians, and in the Dobrudja. As the boundaries 

 of the sanjaks are generally undisturbed by the 

 changes made in the vilayets, the following 

 table, giving the number of Christians and Mo- 

 hammedans in each sanjak, is of permanent 

 value : 



The estimates of revenue and expenditure 

 in the budget for the Turkish year 1291 (from 

 March, 1875, to March, 1876) were as follows 

 (value expressed in purses: 1 purse = 500 

 piasters ; 1 piaster = $0.0432) : 

 REVENUE. 



1. Direct taxes: 



Capitation-tax 635,000 



Ground-tax, patents, revenue of Con- 

 stantinople 80,700 



Military exemption 160,000 



Total 825,700 



2. Indirect taxes : 



Tithes 1,892.000 



2ft per cent, additional 848.000 



Tax on sheep 408.960 



" swine 6,480 



" silk 11,000 



" spirits 80.000 



Customs 415,000 



Tax on tobacco 880.000 



Tapou (transfer-duty) 198,000 



Stamps ! 0,000 



Tax on contracts 10,000 



Judicial taxes 29.189 



Miscellaneous taxes 95,800 



Total indirect tazei 8,873,988 



