762 



TURKEY. 



would be instantly pacified as soon as the di- 

 rect rule of the Turks should cease there. This 

 pacification ought therefore to be intrusted to 

 Servia and Montenegro ; and in order that the 

 pacification might be a permanent one, and as 

 a consideration for the services rendered, Ser- 

 via should receive Bosnia and Montenegro the 

 Herzegovina. The prince of Servia was to 

 remain entirely, and the prince of Montenegro 

 only as far as the Herzegovina was concerned, 

 a vassal of the Sublime Porte, and both princes 

 were to pay tribute from the newly-acquired 

 territory. These demands were brought to 

 the notice of the great powers by a special 

 envoy sent for that purpose to Ems. But the 

 European diplomatists were decidedly opposed 

 to a war of the two principalities against Tur- 

 key. On the other hand, a great enthusiasm 

 for the war began to show itself among the 

 Russian people. This, together with the fact 



that a decided change had been gradually tak- 

 ing place in Western Europe in the feeling 

 toward Turkey, led the Servians to regard the 

 objections of the diplomatists as of secondary 

 importance. 



On June 23d the entire Servian forces were 

 placed under arms, and on June 29th the 

 Servian agent in Constantinople delivered a 

 memorandum containing the demands of Ser- 

 via and Montenegro, mentioned in a preceding 

 page. They were rejected by the Porte, as 

 had been expected, and the declaration of war 

 followed immediately, and M. Magazinovitch, 

 the Servian agent, was recalled. On the same 

 day Prince Milan left Belgrade for the army, 

 and on his way published an address to the 

 Servian people. In this address he said that 

 he had had the intention of sending an embas- 

 sador to Constantinople, in order to come to 

 an agreement with the Sublime Porte. But 



CASTLES OF EUROPE AND ASIA, ON THE BOSPOBffS. 



the latter showed in every possible manner 

 that it did not desire an agreement, and con- 

 tinued to send troops to the Servian frontier, 

 ready to devastate the country with fire and 

 sword. This danger Servia must avert, and 

 must even invade the neighboring provinces 

 now in insurrection to restore to them peace 

 and order. The Prince of Montenegro had 

 given as the cause for his declaration of war 

 the fact that the Turks completely blockaded 

 the southern boundary of the principality ; 

 had shown themselves hostile toward it ; had 

 interrupted communication in the country ; 

 and had not been able to introduce or carry 

 out the reforms which they had promised. 

 On July 2d the prince announced to his troops, 

 at Cettigne, that he had declared war against 

 Turkey, and placed himself at their head in 

 order to invade the Herzegovina. 



The troops at the command of the belliger- 

 ent parties at the opening of the war were as 

 follows : In the Herzegovina, on the northern 

 boundary of Montenegro, Mukhtar Pasha was 

 in command of an army corps of about 20,000 

 men. The troops in Scutari and Podgoritza, 

 south of Montenegro, amounted at the time to 

 one brigade of 4,000 to 5.000 men only. The 

 second army corps that of the Danube was 

 in command of Eyub Pasha, and was composed 

 of about 50,000 men. In Northwestern Bos- 

 nia, toward the Drina, AH Pasha was in com- 

 mand of a strong division ; and in Southwest- 

 ern Bosnia Mehemet Ali, with a large brigade, 

 occupied Sienitza, Novibazar, and Nova-Wa- 

 rosch, making in all 14,000 to 15,000 men. 

 Another division was posted on the railroad 

 from Salonica to Mitrovitza. These troops 

 could be immediately reenforced by Bashi- 



