TILE, OTTO E. V. 



UNITARIANS. 



777 



many, born in Glfickstadt, April 11, 1789; 

 died in Berlin, January 8, 1876. Ho studied 

 at the University of Kiel, and was appointed 

 professor at the same university in 1814. In 

 1885 he accepted a call to the University of 

 Berlin, as the successor of Schleiermacher. 

 He was also appointed Oberconsistorialrath and 

 member of the Oberlcirchenralh (Supreme Ec- 

 clesiastical Council), where he displayed con- 

 siderable administrative capacity. In his his- 

 tory of German theology Twesten represents, 

 with Nitzsch and Tholuck, that section of the 

 followers of Schleiermacher which, beyond the 

 standpoint of their master, proceeded to a 



more positive and orthodox position, though 

 continuing to adhere to the fundamental prin- 

 ciple of the United Evangelical Church. The 

 most celebrated of his works are his " Lectures 

 on the Dogmatics of the Evangelical Lutheran 

 Church" (""Vorlesungen fiber die Dogmatik 

 der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche," 2 vols., 

 1826- '87). Among his other works are a 

 critical edition of the three oecumenical creeds 

 and the unaltered "Augsburg Confession," es- 

 says on "Flaccius Illyricus," on Schleierma- 

 cher's "Ethics: an Outline of Analyticnl 

 Logic" (" Grundriss der analytischen Logik," 

 1864), and others. 



IT 



ULE, OTTO EDUARD VINCENZ, a German nat- 

 uralist, born January 22, 1820 ; died August 7, 

 1876. After 1851 he devoted himself entirely 

 to writing popular works on natural sciences. 

 Among his works are: " Untersuchungen uber 

 den Raum und die Raumtheorien des Aristo- 

 teles und Kant" (1850); "Das Weltall" (3 

 vols., third edition, 1858) ; " Physikalische Bil- 

 der " (2 vols., 1854-'57) ; " Wunder der Sternen- 

 welt " (I860 ; second edition, 1876) ; " Die neu- 

 esten Entdeckungen in Afrika, Australian und 

 der arktischen Polarwelt" (1861); "Warum 

 und weil" (1868; third edition, 1875); "Ale- 

 xander von llumboldt " (1869) ; " Aus der Na- 

 tur"(1871); and "Die Erde" (1873). He was 

 one of the founders and editors of Die Natur, 

 one of the leading German periodicals devoted 

 toXnatural sciences. In 1863 he was elected a 

 member of the Prussian House of Deputies, in 

 which he belonged to the Party of Progress. 



UNITARIANS. The Year-Boole of the Uni- 

 tarian Congregational Churches for 1877 gives 

 lists of 355 Unitarian churches and 393 minis- 

 ters in the United. States. The principal mis- 

 sionary or benevolent society of the Unitarians 

 is the American Unitarian Association, which 

 was founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1847. 

 The Year-Book gives lists of three local mis- 

 sionary associations, allied in purpose to the 

 American Unitarian Association, eighteen local 

 conferences, six Sunday-school societies, fifteen 

 ministerial associations, thirteen religious and 

 charitable and miscellaneous societies, and two 

 nndenominational organizations for Christian 

 work (on the plan of the Young Men's Christian 

 Association). The Divinity School of Harvard 

 University, Cambridge, Mass., has a faculty of 

 ten instructors and lecturers, with twenty- 

 three students, and the Meadville Theological 

 School, Meadville, Pa., has a faculty of four 

 resident and three non-resident professors, 

 with seventeen students. 



The seventh biennial meeting of the Na- 

 tional Conference of Unitarian and other 

 Christian Churches was held at Saratoga, 

 N. T., beginning September 12th. The Con- 

 ference was attended by 882 delegates, repre- 



senting about 150 parishes and religious asso- 

 ciations in the several States and Territories, 

 and the cities of Montreal and Toronto, in 

 Canada. In the absence of the president, the 

 Rev. John F. Moors, of Greenfield, Mass., was 

 elected chairman. The report of the council 

 was read, reviewing the condition and progress 

 of the concerns of the Conference during the 

 year. An increasing interest in the organiza- 

 tion was recognized on the part of the churches. 

 The relation between the Conference and the 

 American Unitarian Association, the council 

 explained in their report, was not only very 

 real but very vital. "While each organization 

 was wholly self-controlled and independent, 

 the two bodies yet worked together in entire 

 harmony and with cordial understanding. The 

 council spoke of the danger to which the Uni- 

 tarian churches were exposed, from the lack 

 of effective safeguards against the admission 

 to the ministry of men whose character and 

 doctrinal soundness had not been tested. The 

 report of Antioch College stated that the en- 

 dowment-fund of $100,000, asked for by the 

 Conference in 1865, had been raised and ex- 

 ceeded. Humboldt College had completed its 

 fourth year with an average annual attendance 

 of nearly one hundred students. A committee 

 was appointed, to confer with a committee of 

 the American Unitarian Association, with ref- 

 erence to preparing a service and hymn book 

 for the use of the churches. A resolution was 

 adopted, in which, after recognizing the civil- 

 izing power of Christianity and " rejoicing in 

 all its triumphs," the Conference expressed 

 itself as " encouraged to a more earnest appli- 

 cation of its truths and manifestation of its 

 spirit in dealing with the miseries and sins 

 which are still a scandal and a reproach to 

 Christendom ; " and invited the churches " to 

 address themselves, in coSperation with exist- 

 ing agencies, to the direct relief of the poor 

 and the prevention of pauperism." 



The tenth annual meeting of the German 

 Protestant Union was held at Heidelberg, Au- 

 gust 29th, 30th, and 81st. The Union, it was 

 represented, had made rapid progress during 



