810 



WOLOWSKI, LOUIS F. M. R. 



minister to France, but he was subsequently 

 appointed minister to Brazil, and resided at 

 Rio de Janeiro from May, 1844, till October, 

 1847. In 1848 and 1852 he supported the 

 Democratic candidates for President. He was 

 elected Governor of Virginia in 1855, after 

 a very vigorous canvass, directed especially 

 against the " Know-Nothings." Toward the 

 close of his term occurred the seizure of Har- 

 per's Ferry by John Brown, whose execution 

 (December 2, 1859) was one of the last acts of 

 his administration. In February, 1861, he was 

 a member of the State Convention, in which, 

 from the Committee on Federal Relations, he 

 made a report which aimed at compromise and 

 a peaceable adjustment with the seceded States. 

 After the secession of Virginia he was ap- 

 pointed brigadier-general in the Confederate 

 army. His force was driven out of the Kana- 

 wha Valley by the national troops under Gen- 

 eral J. D. Cox, and at Gauley Bridge lost a 

 large quantity of arms and stores. Subse- 

 quently he commanded at Roanoke Island, N. 

 0., where his forces were defeated by Burn- 

 side's expedition, his son, O. J. Wise, being 

 among the killed. 



WOLOWSKI, Louis FRANCIS MICHEL 



RAYMOND, a French senator, born at Warsaw, 

 August 31, 1810; died August 4, 1876. He 

 took an active part in the Polish Revolution of 

 1830, was a staff-captain during the first strug- 

 gle, and subsequently a Councilor of State. He 

 went to Paris as secretary of legation, where 

 the disasters of Poland forced him to remain. 

 In 1834 he was naturalized, was elected to the 

 Legislative and Constituent Assemblies in 1848, 

 and after the coup-cPetat returned to private 

 life. He founded the first company of the 

 Credit Foncier of Paris, which afterward be- 

 came the Credit Foncier of France. He was 

 nominated to the Legion of Honor in 1857. In 

 1871 he was elected to the National Assembly 

 from Paris, and in 1875 was chosen life-senator, 

 the fifteenth, by 349 votes, acting in both bodies 

 with the Left Centre. He was the author of 

 several valuable works on political economy, 

 of which we mention " De FOrganisation du 

 Travail " (1845); "Etudes d'J&conomie politique 

 et de Statistique " (1848) ; " De 1'Organisation 

 du Credit foncier " (1849) ; " Les Finances de la 

 Russie" (1864); "LaBanque d'Angleterre et 

 les Banques d'Ecosse" (1867); "La Liberte 

 commerciale " (1868) ; and " L'Or et TArgent " 

 (1870). 



