ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 



17 



the time of his death had accumulated a rich 

 collection of masterpieces of art. During the 

 vacations of the university, and after the com- 

 pletion of his studies, Mr. Appleton traveled 

 extensively in Europe, studying the people and 

 the treasures of art and literature. Having 

 returned home, he embarked in business, that 

 of a publisher, on his own account, at Phila- 

 delphia. In 1847 he married Miss Caroline 

 Archer Osgood, who survives him. Later, he 

 joined his three brothers, John and William, 

 his seniors, and Sidney, his junior, in conduct- 

 ing the establishment founded in New York 

 by their father, Daniel Appleton, who died 

 in 1849. Here his eminent attainments as a 

 scholar and as a connoisseur of art found 

 abundant opportunity for their display. His 

 counsel as a literary critic was of the highest 

 value to the firm. He rapidly developed the 

 business of the house in various directions, 

 especially in the publications designed to facili- 

 tate the study of languages, and to familiarize 

 the American public with the classics of the 

 various European literatures, both in transla- 

 tions and in their original forms. Intimate 

 relations were also established with the Span- 

 ish-American states, and large editions of Span- 

 ish works were published by the Appletons. 

 To Mr. George Appleton is in great measure 

 due the origination and successful completion of 

 the work entitled " Picturesque America," the 

 noblest illustrated work published in America. 

 He also steadily encouraged that other great 

 enterprise of the house, the " American Cyclo- 

 paedia." When attacked by his last illness, 

 Mr. Appleton was about to go abroad for an 

 extended tour of travel. His unremitted at- 

 tention for years to his pursuits made an in- 

 termission necessary for him. But disease 

 intervened, and he died at a comparatively 

 early age. Five children survive him, all 

 grown up, viz., three sons and two daughters. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC (REP^BLIOA. AB- 

 GEXTINA), an independent state of South Amer- 

 ica, lying between latitudes 20 and 41 south, 

 and longitudes 53 and 70 17 ; west. It is 

 bounded north by Bolivia ; east by Paraguay, 

 Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic ; south by 

 Patagonia; and west by Bolivia and Chili. 

 The population was returned at 1,768,681 in 

 the census of 1869, but in 1876 it was estimated 

 at 2,400,000, exclusive of 93,291 Indians in the 

 Territory of Gran Chaco, the Pampas, and 

 Patagonia. The population of the capital, 

 Buenos Ayres, was estimated at 230,000. 



The President of the Republic is Dr. Don 

 Nicolas Avellaneda, who succeeded Sefior Sar- 

 miento, October 12, 1874; and the Vice-Presi- 

 dent is Dr. Don Mariano Acosta. The Cabinet 

 is composed of the following ministers : Inte- 

 rior, Dr. Laspiur ; Foreign Affairs, Dr. Montes 

 de Oca; Finance, Dr. Victorino de la Plaza; 

 Justice, Public Worship, and Public Instruc- 

 tion, Dr. Lastra; War and Marine, General 

 Roca. The Argentine Minister Plenipoten- 

 tiary to the United States is Sr. Don Manuel 

 VOL. xvin. 2 A 



R. Garcia, and the Secretary of Legation (who 

 is also Charge d' Affaires during the absence of 

 the Minister), Sr. Carri6. The Argentine Con- 

 sul-General at New York is Mr. Edward F. 

 Davison. The Governors of the several Prov- 

 inces, etc., are: 



Buenos Ayres Dr. C. Tejedor (May, 18T8). 



Minister of the Interior. . J. Alcorta. 



Minister of Finance F. L. Barbin. 



Catamarca M. Molina. 



Cordoba Dr. A. del Viso. 



Corrientes 



Entre-Eios Dr. E. Febre. 



Jujuy M. Torino. 



La Eioja.. V. A. Almonacid. 



Mendoza J. Villanueva. 



Salta J. Sola. 



San Juan E. Doncel. 



Ban Luis T. Mendoza. 



Santa Fe S. de Iriondo. 



Santiago B. Olachea. 



Tucuman F. Helguera. 



Gran Chaco Territory Lieut.-Col. P. G6mez. 



The provincial Governors are elected by the 

 people, and their period of office is three years. 



A comprehensive view of the general condi- 

 tion of affairs in the republic may be had from 

 the following message delivered by President 

 Avellaneda, on opening Congress, May 6, 1877 : 



SENATORS AND DEPUTIES : 



I salute you on this auspicious day and assure you 

 that every year our constitutional principles are pro- 

 gressively striking their roots deeper and deeper. 

 Your presence was much needed, owing to the in- 

 tense activity of political life. The forum is full. 

 Kival parties and opinions seek in this arena to ven- 

 tilate their views, for it is from opposing points of 

 discussion that the country becomes enlightened. 

 Let me sketch for you the condition of affairs. 



Many European and American statesmen were 

 so impressed with the conciliation policy at Buenos 

 Ayres that they asked themselves if such were not 

 preferable to the system of repression used in Eu- 

 rope, which perpetuates violent rancor. The exam- 

 ple we have given does honor to the human race. 

 At present some may begin to doubt about the con- 

 ciliation policy, but I tell you my programme is un- 

 altered. It is one of the privileges of my office to 

 appoint ministers according to my own good will, 

 and this is essential to enable me to govern with 

 firmness. As a proof of conciliation I may remind 



Sou that 3,000,000 Argentines joyfully celebrated 

 eneral San Martin's centenary. 



Two or three provinces are in a disturbed state. 

 Governor Iriondo has put down a revolution in Santa 

 Fe~, and it is to be hoped that he will now try con- 

 ciliation. The state of Corrientes is more critical. 

 Minister Plaza was sent, not simply to support Gov- 

 ernor Derqui, but to study the order of things. The 

 victorious rebels laid down their arms and submit- 

 ted. It is now best to order new elections in Corri- 

 entes. 



The accounts of 1877 show as follows : 



Appropriations voted $27.967,736 



Actual expenditures 19,924,960 



Eevenue 14,824,086 



Deficit 5,100,874 



Thus we spent eight millions less than Congress 

 authorized, and, although the revenue did not come 

 up to our expectations, still the economy of our Fi- 

 nance Department saved the situation. The expen- 

 ditures of the last six years were : 1872, $26,462,785 ; 

 1873, $31,025,070; 1874, $29,784,196 ; 1875, $28,567,- 

 861; 1878, $22,153,048 ; 1877, $19,924,960. In last 

 year's revenue we find : import duties, $10,843,360 ; 

 export duties, $2,324,491. The returns of our im- 

 port and export trade show : 



