58 



BIGELOW, GEORGE T. 



Academy the great prize of physiology : first 

 in 1849 for his work "Kecherches sur les 

 Usages du Pancreas " ; again in 1851 and 1853 ; 

 and final] v in 1872 for his work "De la Phy- 

 siologie generate." In 1868 he became in the 

 place of Flourens a member of the French 

 Academy, and in 1869 he was appointed a 

 member of the Senate. On the day following 

 his death the Chamber of Deputies, on motion 

 of the Minister of Public Instruction, Bardoux, 

 unanimously voted an appropriation of 10,000 

 francs for a public funeral of the distinguished 

 scholar. 



BIGELOW, GEORGE TYLER, an American 

 jurist, died in Boston April 12, 1878. He was 

 born at Watertown, Mass., October 6, 1810, 

 graduated at Harvard College in 1829, and be- 

 gan the practice of law in Middlesex County 

 in 1834. He served as captain of the New 

 England Guards, way afterward colonel of an 

 infantry regiment in Boston, and in 1844 was 

 chosen an aide to Governor Briggs. He was 

 a member of the lower branch of the Massa- 

 chusetts Legislature from 1840 to 1844, and 

 of the upper in 1847 and 1848. He became a 

 common-pleas judge in 1849, and in 1850 was 

 appointed an associate justice of the Supreme 

 Court. In 1860 he succeeded Lemuel Shaw as 

 chief justice, which position he held till 1868, 

 when he resigned it. From this time until 

 January, 1878, he served as actuary of the 

 Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Com- 

 pany. In 1868 Judge Bigelow was elected one 

 of the overseers of Harvard University, and 

 in 1873 he was a member of the Commission 

 for the Revision of the Boston City Charter. 



BIGGS, ASA, died at Norfolk, Va., March 

 6, 1878. He was born in Williamstown, Mar- 



BOLIVIA. 



tin County, N. C., February 4, 1811. After 

 receiving a common-school education he began 

 to practice law in 1831. He was elected a 

 member of the State Constitutional Conven- 

 tion in 1835, to the lower branch of the Legisla- 

 ture in 1840 and 1842, and to the State Senate 

 in 1844. He was chosen a member of Con- 

 gress in 1845, and served one term. He was 

 one of the three commissioners appointed in 

 1850 to revise the State statutes, and who 

 prepared the Revised Code of North Carolina, 

 which went into operation in 1854. In the 

 latter year he was again elected to the State 

 Senate, and in 1854 was chosen United States 

 Senator, which position he resigned in 1858 

 to accept the judgeship of the United States 

 District Court of North Carolina under an 

 appointment from President Buchanan. He 

 held this position until the war broke out, and 

 in May, 1861, he was elected to the State Con- 

 vention which met in Raleigh and passed the 

 ordinance of secession. After the war he re- 

 sumed the practice of the law, and subsequently 

 engaged in the commission business at Norfolk, 

 Va. In the United States Senate he served on 

 the Committees on Finance and Private Land 

 Claims. 



BOLIVIA (REPUBLICA DE BOLIVIA), an in- 

 dependent state of South America, lying be- 

 tween latitudes 10 and 24 south, and longi- 

 tudes 57 25' and 70 30' west. It is bounded 

 on the north and northeast by Brazil, on the 

 south by the Argentine Republic and Chili, and 

 on the west by the Pacific Ocean and Peru. 



The republic is divided into nine depart- 

 ments, which, with their areas in square miles, 

 capitals, and population (exclusive of 250,000 

 savage Indians), are approximately as follows : 



The population of the foregoing cities is set 

 down by a European authority as follows : Oo- 

 bija, 2,380; Trinidad, 4,170; Sucre, 23,979; 

 Cochabainba, 40,678; La Paz, 76,372; Oruro, 

 7,980; Potosi, 22,580 ; Santa Cruz, 9,780 ; Ta- 

 rija, 5,680. But as these figures are taken from 

 Lieutenant-ColonelJ. Ondarza'smap and tables 

 of population published in 1859, and no allow- 

 ance is made for the increase of population, 

 which the same authorities estimate at 30 per 

 cent., it is presumed the table will be found 

 approximately correct. 



The departments are subdivided into 37 dis- 

 tricts, and these into 45 provinces. Only one 

 fourth of the population is purely white, and 

 the aboriginal is by far the most numerous ele- 



ment, particularly in the departments of La Paz 

 and Tarija. 



The President of the Republic is General 

 Hilarion Daza (installed May 4, 1876), and the 

 Ministers are : Interior and Foreign Affairs, 

 Dr. D. Martin Laura; Finance and Public 

 Works, Dr. M. Salvatierra ; Justice and Pub- 

 lic Worship, Dr. J. M. del Carpio ; War, Gen- 

 eral Don Manuel Oshon JofrS. By the Con- 

 stitution of Bolivia, drawn up by Simon Bolivar 

 in 1826 and modified in 1828, 1831, and 1863, 

 the executive power is vested in a President 

 elected for a term of four years, who appoints 

 a Vice-President and the ministers. The legis- 

 lative authority is vested in a Congress of two 

 Chambers, the Senate and House of Represen- 



