BRAZIL. 



COMMODITIES. 



Coffee 



Raw cotton 



Sugar 



Mate (Paraguay tea) 



Skins 



Tobacco 



India rubber 



Diamonds 



Value in 1874-'75. 



$62,905,900 



9,952,850 



11.568,250 



743,500 



6,288,100 



2,994,500 



5,129,250 



245,750 



Value in 1875->76. 



$58,046,100 

 5,731,600 

 7,025,900 



731,750 

 5,942,000 

 8,825,750 

 5,056,500 



376,250 



The following are the statistics of the com- 

 merce between Brazil and the United States, 

 during the year ending June 30, 1878 : 



IMPORTS. 



COMMODITIES. 



Quantity. 



duty, while in France it pays a duty of 1 franc 

 56 centimes per kilogramme, or nearly 15 cents 

 per pound. When the American Congress re- 

 pealed the duty on coffee, the Brazilian Gov- 

 ernment immediately increased the provincial 

 export duty to the amount of the custom-house 

 duty formerly paid in the United States. The 

 culture of the coffee-plant in Brazil, and the 

 increasing commercial value of this important 

 product to the great South American empire, 

 are thus described in a French journal : 



Even among the most ardent lovers of coffee, few 

 Dersons have an approximate idea of the area of its 

 production, the extent of its consumption, or of the 

 very considerable traffic to which the coffee-berry 

 value. has given rise. In the reign of Louis XVI. of France, 



"ccr by the care and diligence of Captain Duchieux, it 



Breadstuff's $4,017,887 was first introduced into Martinique. Planted and 



Iron and steel, and manufac- ^ ^ acclimatized in the soil of that island, the limits of 



Pe^Seum refined,' gallons I: J^SJi 655,797 its growth and cultivation have steadily enlarged, 



Provisions': until coffee has now become an article of primary 



Lard, pounds 5,715,720 604,999 importance to modern commerce. In 1861 the total 



All other provisions 27,935 production of the whole world was estimated at 



Cotton manufactures SMS 3,460,000 metrical quintals*; in 1870 it had increased 



Railroad cars........ 2*1909 to 3,890,000, and in 1875 to 5,670,000 quintals. Since 



teSftS^*:: I"":;; 888 then the development has been equally progressive, 



All other articles 783.108 and for last year the total is estimated at not less 



than 6.500,000 metrical quintals, which, at an aver- 



Total imports $8,636,704 age of only 75 francs ($15) per 50 kilos at the places 



of production, would represent a sum of not less 

 EXPORTS. than 975,000,000 francs.f It is calculated that the 



' consumption of Europe in 1877 absorbed about 283,- 



000,000 kilos of coffee : and Brazil furnishes nearly 

 COMMODITIES. Quantity. _***__ O ne 'half of all the coffee consumed in the world, ft 



Coffee, pounds 211,654,160 |S6,367,&92 i therefore, both curious and instructive to observe 



Sugar, brown, pounds 78,076,553 8,165,384 the steady progress made by that country, whether 



India-rubber and gutta-per- as regards the increase in production or an improve- 



cha, crude, pounds 5,876,112- 2,457,898 ment in the quality of the coffee. The culture of 



Hides ..... :v .. . - ...... 1 ' 28 ^ coffee in Brazil extends over a surface of about 655,000 



wSvS^XT fifis fli'S? 8( l uare kilometres. The principal pluees of produc- 



$ mTnuCtu'ed, pounds. l^oSl gorf are the provinces of Kio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, 



Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and Bahia, and Ceara. The construction ot railways has 



medicines 61,166 enabled the planters to reduce their beasts of burden, 



All other articles 250,0=37 and to concentrate their labor and capital more im- 



~~ - mediately to the culture of coffee and other export- 



Total exports $42,972,046 ab!e pr( / ducts . The transport by rail avoids the 



damage to which their products were exposed when 



The duties on imports were on the 1st of carried by mules. The following figures will give 

 March increased 5 per cent, on the addition- an idea of the radical transformation which has taken 

 1 /Jni-n- T.aia; n r if +^ KH j 4-V, place in the conditions of transport in the province 



al duty, raising it to 50 per cent.; and the of Sao Paulo. Fifteen yean ago, before the estab- 

 followmg additions were made on articles lishment of the Sao Paulo Railway, from 80,GOO to 

 of luxury : 40 instead of 30 per cent, on the 100,000 mules were sold annually 'at the Sorocabo 

 official values of fermented drinks liqueurs fair ? now Onl 7 10,000 to 12,000 mules are sold. On 



spirits, wines, etc., furniture, fine woods, silks ? he oth ^r and ' the 5 ductio " ^n ffeo , in ^IST" 



n,.V r ,-, , rvv,p*ju, ince wnic h amounted then to 300,000 sacks of 75 kil., 



and fine earthen and glass wares; 5 instead O r about 22,500,000 kil., has risen to 1,300.000 sacks 



I a per cent, on gems cut or uncut, set or of 60 kil. in 1877-'78, or obout 78,000,000 kil. At 



unset ; 10 instead of 5 per cent, on goldsmith's the French Exhibition of 1867 Brazilian coffees alone 



work in gold or silver, gold and silver watches obtained the gold medal. The berry varies in coloi 



and on platina wares not emploved in science from .P ale ifeen to green, and is rather long. In the 



\ n f oni - province ot Sao Paulo, more particularly, the berry 



and manufacture. _ found gmall and n ^ d alm l ogt identi & with th / t 



ix>nee tne principal staple of Brazil, and of Mocha, and produces a delicious infusion. In fact, 



is cultivated from the Amazon southward to the coffees now grown in Sao Paulo rivnl in quality 



the province of Sao Paulo and from the At- the best and most esteemed descriptions derived from 



lantic westward to the limits of Matto Grosso othe r oou ,? t 8 ' an . d the ^; consumption in Europe is 



ThprA ia Ti rt nnn+ +1! * . , ?, ^osso. continually increasing. The import duties in France, 



|S no country that can rival Brazil m l franc 56 centimes plr kilogramme, being excessive! 



ts production, from the great advantage it has have hindered the development of the consumption 



over all others, the coffee ripening during the c ff ee - The rapid augmentation in the import of 



dry season. The quantity exported in 1877 ^ ^ >au ^ c ft' ees into France from Santos has only 



st a at e rtbe 6 f o t p T nd v fwhich . theunited $rxrw&h 8b ^ 



tes, t e greatest coffee-consuming nation hitherto occupied by other sorts of established repu- 

 m the world, received 205,208,876 pounds 

 Coffee is admitted into this country free of * j! S5o r oo a ooo Uintal = 10 kilogrammes - 



