96 



CHILL 



CHINA. 



ness, comfort, and other conditions exacted by the 

 regulations decreed for that purpose. 



AKT. 111. No merchant vessel, national or foreign, 

 shall carry passengers on deck, either to ports in 

 Chili or abroad, if there is not above them, at a con- 

 venient height, an awning of planks or canvas water- 

 tight, and sufficient to protect them from bad weath- 

 er. Such passengers shall, in default of a special 

 agreement, be victualed with rations equal to those 

 served to the sailors of the navy of the republic. 



In 1877 there were about 1,265 miles of rail- 

 way in operation, and 4,800 miles of telegraph 

 lines, with 62 offices. The number of post- 

 offices in 1875 was 333 ; the expenditures of 

 the postal department were $246,938, and the 

 receipts $228,433. 



A conflict between State and Church has 

 arisen in regard to the appointment of a suc- 

 cessor to the Archbishop of Santiago, the Eight 

 Rev. N. V. Valdivieso ; the Ultramontane sec- 

 tion of the clergy being opposed to Sefior Ta- 

 foro, who has so far yielded as to decline to 

 take possession of the see until the customary 

 approbation arrives from Rome. It is report- 

 ed, however, that the Vatican may withhold the 

 confirmation of Sefior Taforo. TheGovernment 

 .has refused to pay the vicars-general and other 

 ecclesiastical officials of Santiago, because they 

 had not been appointed by the civil authority. 

 The question of marriage between Roman Cath- 

 olics and Protestants has excited some atten- 

 tion lately, the present state of the law in re- 

 gard to the religious condition of Protestants 

 being very illiberal, and it is hoped that it will 

 soon be altered. A Protestant marrying a Ro- 

 man Catholic woman in Chili is required to 

 execute a public document under oath, u bind- 

 ing himself 'that the sons as well as the daugh- 

 ters that are born of his marriage are to be 

 educated in the Catholic religion, abstaining 

 from anything that might prejudice the Catho- 

 lic belief of the said sons and daughters ; so 

 that, if in the choice of masters, schools, or 

 other items relating to the education of his off- 

 spring, while less than twenty-five years of 

 age, it should be thought by his wife while she 

 lives, and, in the case of her decease, by the 

 parish priest of his sons and daughters, that 

 any of the measures he may wish to adopt may 

 endanger the Catholic faith of said children, he 

 will desist from it ; binding himself also not to 

 name in death a tutor or guardian for his said 

 sons and daughters who is not a Roman Cath- 

 olic." A Chilian lady marrying a Protestant 

 is required to give $200 to the hospital for fall- 

 en women, as if by her marriage she were par- 

 taking of their disgrace. She must also prom- 

 ise under oath "to educate the offspring of 

 either sex that may be born from the marriage 

 in the Catholic religion, and in the observance 

 of the precepts and discipline of the Church, 

 striving further to secure, so far as depends on 

 her, the conversion of the dissenting consort." 



The following announcement is transcribed 

 from a London periodical dated December 23, 

 1878, come to hand after the above article had 

 been sent to press : 



"We are informed by telegraphic communication 

 that a treaty between the two sister republics (Ar- 

 gentine and Chilian) has been signed. We may 

 therefore presume that the Patagonian territorial 

 dispute will no longer injuriously affect the credit of 

 the two states, and that the only subject of differ- 

 ence between them has been finally removed out of 

 the way. 



CHINA, an empire in Asia. Emperor, 

 Kwang-Liu, formerly called Tsaeteen, born 

 in 1872, a eon of Prince Ch'un, and grand- 

 son of the Emperor Tan-Kwang, who died 

 in 1850; he succeeded to the throne in 1875. 

 The area of China proper is 1,554,000 square 

 miles; the population about 405,000,000. The 

 area of the dependencies has received a large 

 increase by the reconquest of Kashgaria, and 

 was in 1878 estimated at 3,062,000 square 

 miles, with a population of about 29,580,000 ; 

 making in all 4,616,000 square miles with a 

 population of 435,000,000. 



China now has diplomatic representatives in 

 the United States, England, France, Germany, 

 Russia, Spain, and Japan. Tseng-chi-ta, the 

 eldest son of the late Tseng-kuo-fan, was ap- 

 pointed in September to succeed Kuo-sung-tao 

 as the Chinese Ambassador in London, and 

 Li-fong-Pao was appointed Charge" d' Affaires 

 at Berlin. Chin-San-Pin, the Chinese Ambas- 

 sador to the United States, arrived at San 

 Francisco on the 25th of July. He is a man 

 past middle life, is an eminent scholar who has 

 had large experience of public affairs, and is 

 now a mandarin of the first class. He visited 

 the United States in 1872 as joint commissioner 

 with Yung-Wing, in charge of the educational 

 mission. 



The Chinese armies which have been operat- 

 ing for several years against Kashgar made an 

 easy capture of that capital December 17, 1877, 

 during the dissensions which ensued after the 

 death of Yakoob Beg. After a conflict between 

 the two pretenders to the throne, Beg Kuli 

 Beg, Yakoob Beg's eldest son, and Aalim Khan 

 Tiura, a descendant of the former rulers of 

 Kashgar, the latter was defeated and escaped 

 across the frontier, leaving a considerable body 

 of his adherents in the country. The Kirghiz 

 of Badakshan, led by Ali Beg, then rose against 

 the new Khan, and seized the town of Sari-Kul, 

 while Niaz Bakir, Governor of Khotan, asked 

 the Chinese commander-in-chief at Turfan to 

 send him a Chinese garrison, as the inhabitants 

 of Khotan had decided to submit to the Chinese 

 Government. Beg Kuli Beg, who had in the 

 mean time marched from Kashgar to Yarkand 

 and raised the strength of his army to 35,000 

 men. now proceeded to Khotan; but finding 

 that' the Chinese had taken Utch Turfan, he 

 fled to the Russian authorities at Karakol. 

 The Chinese army of occupation contained an 

 effective force estimated at nearly 12,000 men, 

 and was under the command of Liu-Sho-Daryn, 

 whose services in capturing the capital were 

 rewarded with important marks of favor. The 

 troops were for the most part armed with 

 lances, only 1,500 of them carrying muskets of 



