COSTA RIGA. 



227 



2. Literary property is perpetual in the author, 

 and in his heirs or assigns. 3. After the ex- 

 piration of the author's rights as determined 

 by the laws actually obtaining in different 

 countries, any person will be free to reproduce 

 his works, on the condition of paying a certain 

 sum to his heirs or assigns. 4. Literary, scien- 

 tific, or artistic works will be treated in each 

 country as if they had been first produced in 

 that country. This rule applies also to the 

 representation of dramatic and musical works. 

 5. To obtain the above protection, it will be 

 sufficient for the author to go through the cus- 

 tomary formalities of the country in which his 

 works are first brought out. 6. With regard 

 to translation and adaptation, the Congress 

 expresses a hope that international treaties 

 will secure for authors the exclusive right of 

 authorizing the adaptation or translation of 

 their works. 7. The Congress is of opinion 

 that the amelioration of the moral and material 

 condition of literary men is indissolubly con- 

 nected with the establishment or development 

 of societies having for their object the protec- 

 tion of the rights of authors, and the creation 

 of a fund for relief and pensions." The Con- 

 gress approved the project of founding an in- 

 ternational literary association, open to the 

 literary societies and writers of all nations. 

 Among the resolutions adopted were the fol- 

 lowing : 



1. That the members of the International Com- 

 mittee in their respective countries form societies 

 on the plan of the Societe" des Gens de Lettres de 

 France. 



2. That in each country there be a corresponding: 

 member of the International Committee, through 

 whom all communications between the said Com- 

 mittee and his nation shall pass, and whose duty 

 it will be to keep the said Committee informed on 

 all subjects of interest to the great republic of letters. 



3. That the members of the International Com- 

 mittee endeavor to establish an exchange of books 

 between their respective countries, by which libraries 

 of modern literature maybe gradually formed in the 

 great capitals of the world, for the use of men of 

 letters ; each Socie'te' des Gens de Lettres will be 

 kept au courant of the literary activity of the world ; 

 and reproduction, translation, and negotiations for 

 the purchase of copyrights will be facilitated. 



4. That the headquarters of the International Com- 

 mittee be at the offices of the Socie'te des Gens de 

 Lettres de France. 



5. That the next International Congress, to report 

 on the work which the members of the International 

 Committee have done in the year, in furtherance of 

 the resolutions of the Congress of 1878, be held in 

 London in June, 1879. 



The "Law of Copyright and Playright," 

 by Eaton S. Drone, of New York, just pub- 

 lished (Little, Brown & Co.), is the most com- 

 plete treatise yet given to the public of the 

 law on this subject in Great Britain and the 

 United States. Playright is defined by the 

 author as the exclusive right of representing 

 dramatic and musical compositions. 



COSTA RICA (REpfiBLioA DE COSTA RIGA), 

 one of the five independent states of Central 

 America. For statistics concerning popula- 

 tion, etc., reference may be made to the "An- 



nual Cyclopaedia" for 1877. In accordance 

 with a new law, statistics of births, marriages, 

 and deaths are now published at the end of 

 each year. Those for 1877, however, are said 

 to be only approximate, as many of the clergy 

 had failed to comply with the letter of the law 

 in making their reports. The total number of 

 births for the year was 7,999, of which 4,114 

 were of males, and 1,706 were illegitimate ; the 

 deaths were 3,946 ; thus showing an increase 

 of population in this respect of 4,053. The 

 number of marriages was 1,119. The number 

 of illegitimate children above reported is com- 

 paratively much smaller than in some of the 

 South American republics. 



The President of Costa Rica is General To- 

 rn as Guardia ; the First Vice-President, Sr. Pe- 

 dro Quiros ; and the Second Vice-President, 

 Sr. Rafael Barroeta. The Cabinet was com- 

 posed of the following Ministers : Interior, War, 

 and Navy, Sr. Rafael Machado ; Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Justice, Public Instruction, etc., Dr. Jose" 

 Maria Castro ; Commerce and Finance, Sr. Sal- 

 vador Lara ; and Public Works, Sr. M. J. Za- 

 mora. The President of the Republic is the 

 Commandant of the army. 



The following table, from an official report, 

 exhibits the national receipts and expenditures 

 for the year ending April 30, 1878 : 



REVENUE. 



National Bank, yield... . $129,332 



" capital 963,989 



Puntarenas* Custom-house : 



Import duties $846,691 | 1 ft1A Tfi7 



Export duties 164,096 f 1 ' 010 ' 78T 



Puntarenas docks 2,182 



Spirit, tobacco, and powder monopolies . . . 1,189,940 



Mint 18,140 



Post-Office 27,604 



Telegraph 6,553 



National printing-office. 8,251 



Railway 88,019 



Sale of national lands 20,757 



Interest on national land 7,561 



National Institute 8,057 



Bank of Emission 28,252 



Stamped paper 28,964 



Spirit licenses 20,719 



Fines, etc 20,142 



Mortgage fees 17,295 



Judicial deposits 97,756 



Custom-house debts 8,916 



Sundries 125,995 



Total $3,819,211 



EXPENDITURE. 



Ministry of the Interior $211,693 



'' of Commerce and Finance 804,487 



" ofJustice 71,344 



" ofWar 422,794 



of War (Navy Department) 111,764 



" of Public Works 590,291 



" of Foreign Affairs 20,076 



Public instruction 123,246 



Public worship 86,706 



Charities 1,552 



National credit 178,758 



Police force 85,682 



Sundries 1,801,819 



Total $3,904,657 



Deficit $85,446 



In a semi-official report of the national 

 finances, the expenditure for the entire year 



* Chief port of the republic, on the Pacific coast 



